¹ From the Department of Animal and Plant Pathology of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton, New Jersey

The survival of Plasmodium lophurae in vitro is favored by the presence of calcium pantothenate (0.02 mg. per ml). Survival of about 2 weeks in vitro at 40–41°C. has been obtained under the following conditions: a medium consisting of duck red cell extract in balanced salt solution with glutathione and glucose or glycogen, serum, embryo extract, and calcium pantothenate; daily replacement of about half of the medium with fresh medium; addition of fresh uninfected erythrocytes every 2nd day; gentle agitation of the preparation on a rocking machine. In some of these preparations significant increases in male gametocytes and, more rarely, in total numbers of parasites occurred during the first few days.

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• Spry, C., Chai, C. L. L., Kirk, K., Saliba, K. J. (2005). A Class of Pantothenic Acid Analogs Inhibits Plasmodium falciparum Pantothenate Kinase and Represses the Proliferation of Malaria Parasites. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49: 4649-4657 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• BALL, E. G., ANFINSEN, C. B., GEIMAN, Q. M., MCKEE, R. W., ORMSBEE, R. A. (1945). IN VITRO GROWTH AND MULTIPLICATION OF THE MALARIA PARASITE, PLASMODIUM KNOWLESI. Science 101: 542-544  

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