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¹ Immunology Section, BMC D14, 221 84 Lund University, Lund, Sweden
² Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
³ Liver Research Group, Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, England, UK
⁴ Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
⁵ Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK
⁶ Department of Surgery and ⁷ Department of Urology, Lund University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden

CORRESPONDENCE William Agace: William.Agace{at}med.lu.se

A functionally distinct subset of CD103⁺ dendritic cells (DCs) has recently been identified in murine mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) that induces enhanced FoxP3⁺ T cell differentiation, retinoic acid receptor signaling, and gut-homing receptor (CCR9 and 4β7) expression in responding T cells. We show that this function is specific to small intestinal lamina propria (SI-LP) and MLN CD103⁺ DCs. CD103⁺ SI-LP DCs appeared to derive from circulating DC precursors that continually seed the SI-LP. BrdU pulse-chase experiments suggested that most CD103⁺ DCs do not derive from a CD103^– SI-LP DC intermediate. The majority of CD103⁺ MLN DCs appear to represent a tissue-derived migratory population that plays a central role in presenting orally derived soluble antigen to CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T cells. In contrast, most CD103^– MLN DCs appear to derive from blood precursors, and these cells could proliferate within the MLN and present systemic soluble antigen. Critically, CD103⁺ DCs with similar phenotype and functional properties were present in human MLN, and their selective ability to induce CCR9 was maintained by CD103⁺ MLN DCs isolated from SB Crohn's patients. Thus, small intestinal CD103⁺ DCs represent a potential novel target for regulating human intestinal inflammatory responses.

© 2008 Jaensson et al. This article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.jem.org/misc/terms.shtml). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license, as described at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/).

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