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K.N.H., C.G., and C.M. are at Laboratory of Viral Immunobiology and Christopher H. Browne Center for Immunology and Immune Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021

CORRESPONDENCE C.M.: munzc{at}rockefeller.edu

Abstract
CD4⁺ T cells are classically thought to orchestrate adaptive immune responses. But recent studies demonstrate that they can also kill infected cells directly. A new paper shows that highly efficient processing of Epstein Barr virus (EBV) glycoproteins for presentation on MHC class II makes virus-transformed B cells susceptible to lysis by CD4⁺ T cells. Thus, antiviral vaccines should aim to stimulate both helper and cytolytic CD4⁺ T cells.

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