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¹ Discovery Research, DNAX Research Inc., Palo Alto, CA 94304
² Experimental Pathology and Pharmacology, DNAX Research Inc., Palo Alto, CA 94304
³ Bioinformatics, DNAX Research Inc., Palo Alto, CA 94304

CORRESPONDENCE Daniel J. Cua: daniel.cua{at}dnax.org

Interleukin (IL)-23 is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of a unique p19 subunit, and a common p40 subunit shared with IL-12. IL-12 is important for the development of T helper (Th)1 cells that are essential for host defense and tumor suppression. In contrast, IL-23 does not promote the development of interferon-–producing Th1 cells, but is one of the essential factors required for the expansion of a pathogenic CD4⁺ T cell population, which is characterized by the production of IL-17, IL-17F, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor. Gene expression analysis of IL-23–driven autoreactive T cells identified a unique expression pattern of proinflammatory cytokines and other novel factors, distinguishing them from IL-12–driven T cells. Using passive transfer studies, we confirm that these IL-23–dependent CD4⁺ T cells are highly pathogenic and essential for the establishment of organ-specific inflammation associated with central nervous system autoimmunity.

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• Harris, T. J., Grosso, J. F., Yen, H.-R., Xin, H., Kortylewski, M., Albesiano, E., Hipkiss, E. L., Getnet, D., Goldberg, M. V., Maris, C. H., Housseau, F., Yu, H., Pardoll, D. M., Drake, C. G. (2007). Cutting Edge: An In Vivo Requirement for STAT3 Signaling in TH17 Development and TH17-Dependent Autoimmunity. J. Immunol. 179: 4313-4317 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kohyama, S., Ohno, S., Isoda, A., Moriya, O., Belladonna, M. L., Hayashi, H., Iwakura, Y., Yoshimoto, T., Akatsuka, T., Matsui, M. (2007). IL-23 Enhances Host Defense against Vaccinia Virus Infection Via a Mechanism Partly Involving IL-17. J. Immunol. 179: 3917-3925 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hartupee, J., Liu, C., Novotny, M., Li, X., Hamilton, T. (2007). IL-17 Enhances Chemokine Gene Expression through mRNA Stabilization. J. Immunol. 179: 4135-4141 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Li, W., Sofi, M. H., Yeh, N., Sehra, S., McCarthy, B. P., Patel, D. R., Brutkiewicz, R. R., Kaplan, M. H., Chang, C.-H. (2007). Thymic selection pathway regulates the effector function of CD4 T cells. J. Exp. Med. 204: 2145-2157 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Peng, Y., Han, G., Shao, H., Wang, Y., Kaplan, H. J., Sun, D. (2007). Characterization of IL-17+ Interphotoreceptor Retinoid-Binding Protein-Specific T Cells in Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis. IOVS 48: 4153-4161 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Fitzgerald, D. C., Ciric, B., Touil, T., Harle, H., Grammatikopolou, J., Sarma, J. D., Gran, B., Zhang, G.-X., Rostami, A. (2007). Suppressive Effect of IL-27 on Encephalitogenic Th17 Cells and the Effector Phase of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. J. Immunol. 179: 3268-3275 [Abstract] [Full Text]  

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