Published online 8 March 2004 doi:10.1084/jem.20031981
Rockefeller University Press, 0022-1007 $8.00
JEM, Volume 199, Number 6, 879-884
Innate Immune Surveillance of Spontaneous B Cell Lymphomas by Natural Killer Cells and 
T Cells
Shayna E.A. Street1,
Yoshihiro Hayakawa1,
Yifan Zhan2,
Andrew M. Lew2,
Duncan MacGregor3,
Amanda M. Jamieson4,
Andreas Diefenbach5,
Hideo Yagita6,
Dale I. Godfrey7, and
Mark J. Smyth1
1 Cancer Immunology Program, Trescowthick Laboratories, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre (Peter Mac), 8006, Victoria, Australia
2 The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 3050, Victoria, Australia
3 The Department of Anatomical Pathology, The Austin and Repatriation Medical Centre, 3084, Heidelberg, Australia
4 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
5 Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016
6 Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
7 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia
Address correspondence to M.J. Smyth, Cancer Immunology Program, Trescowthick Laboratories, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre (Peter Mac), Locked Bag 1, A'Beckett St, 8006, Victoria, Australia. Phone: 61-3-9656-3728; Fax: 61-3-9656-1411; email: m.smyth{at}pmci.unimelb.edu.au
Few studies have demonstrated that innate lymphocytes play a major role in preventing spontaneous tumor formation. We evaluated the development of spontaneous tumors in mice lacking ß-2 microglobulin (ß2m; and thus MHC class I, CD1d, and CD16) and/or perforin, since these tumor cells would be expected to activate innate effector cells. Approximately half the cohort of perforin gene-targeted mice succumbed to spontaneous disseminated B cell lymphomas and in mice that also lacked ß2m, the lymphomas developed earlier (by more than 100 d) and with greater incidence (84%). B cell lymphomas from perforin/ß2m gene-targeted mice effectively primed cell-mediated cytotoxicity and perforin, but not IFN-
, IL-12, or IL-18, was absolutely essential for tumor rejection. Activated NK1.1+ and 
TCR+ T cells were abundant at the tumor site, and transplanted tumors were strongly rejected by either, or both, of these cell types. Blockade of a number of different known costimulatory pathways failed to prevent tumor rejection. These results reflect a critical role for NK cells and 
TCR+ T cells in innate immune surveillance of B cell lymphomas, mediated by as yet undetermined pathway(s) of tumor recognition.
Key Words: immunosurveillance effector NK cell tumor perforin
The online version of this article contains supplemental material.

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