Published 6 October 2003. doi:10.1084/jem.20030630
© Rockefeller University Press,
0022-1007/2003/10/1069 $5.00
The Journal of Experimental Medicine, Volume 198, Number 7, 1069-1076
Constitutive Cytokine mRNAs Mark Natural Killer (NK) and NK T Cells Poised for Rapid Effector Function
Daniel B. Stetson1,
Markus Mohrs1,
R. Lee Reinhardt1,
Jody L. Baron1,
Zhi-En Wang1,
Laurent Gapin2,
Mitchell Kronenberg2 and
Richard M. Locksley1
1 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Medicine and Microbiology/Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
2 The La Jolla Institute of Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, CA 92121
Address correspondence to Richard M. Locksley, University of California San Francisco, Box 0654, C-443, 521 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143. Phone: (415) 476-5859; Fax: (415) 476-9364; email: locksley{at}medicine.ucsf.edu
Natural killer (NK) and NK T cells are tissue lymphocytes that secrete cytokines rapidly upon stimulation. Here, we show that these cells maintain distinct patterns of constitutive cytokine mRNAs. Unlike conventional T cells, NK T cells activate interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-
transcription during thymic development and populate the periphery with both cytokine loci previously modified by histone acetylation. Similarly, NK cells transcribe and modify the IFN-
gene, but not IL-4, during developmental maturation in the bone marrow. Lineage-specific patterns of cytokine transcripts predate infection and suggest evolutionary selection for invariant but distinct types of effector responses among the earliest responding lymphocytes.
Key Words: NK T cells NK cells cytokine mRNAs IL-4 IFN-

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