The Journal of Experimental Medicine
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Published 6 October 2003. doi:10.1084/jem.20030630
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© Rockefeller University Press, 0022-1007/2003/10/1069 $5.00
The Journal of Experimental Medicine, Volume 198, Number 7, 1069-1076

Constitutive Cytokine mRNAs Mark Natural Killer (NK) and NK T Cells Poised for Rapid Effector Function

Daniel B. Stetson1, Markus Mohrs1, R. Lee Reinhardt1, Jody L. Baron1, Zhi-En Wang1, Laurent Gapin2, Mitchell Kronenberg2 and Richard M. Locksley1

1 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Medicine and Microbiology/Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
2 The La Jolla Institute of Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, CA 92121

Address correspondence to Richard M. Locksley, University of California San Francisco, Box 0654, C-443, 521 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143. Phone: (415) 476-5859; Fax: (415) 476-9364; email: locksley{at}medicine.ucsf.edu

Natural killer (NK) and NK T cells are tissue lymphocytes that secrete cytokines rapidly upon stimulation. Here, we show that these cells maintain distinct patterns of constitutive cytokine mRNAs. Unlike conventional T cells, NK T cells activate interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-{gamma} transcription during thymic development and populate the periphery with both cytokine loci previously modified by histone acetylation. Similarly, NK cells transcribe and modify the IFN-{gamma} gene, but not IL-4, during developmental maturation in the bone marrow. Lineage-specific patterns of cytokine transcripts predate infection and suggest evolutionary selection for invariant but distinct types of effector responses among the earliest responding lymphocytes.

Key Words: NK T cells • NK cells • cytokine mRNAs • IL-4 • IFN-{gamma}


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