The Journal of Experimental Medicine
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Published 2 September 2003. doi:10.1084/jem.20020437
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© Rockefeller University Press, 0022-1007/2003/9/823 $5.00
The Journal of Experimental Medicine, Volume 198, Number 5, 823-830

The Inducible CXCR3 Ligands Control Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Responsiveness to the Constitutive Chemokine Stromal Cell–derived Factor 1 (SDF-1)/CXCL12

Béatrice Vanbervliet1, Nathalie Bendriss-Vermare1, Catherine Massacrier1, Bernhard Homey2, Odette de Bouteiller1, Francine Brière1, Giorgio Trinchieri1 and Christophe Caux1

1 Laboratory for Immunological Research, Schering-Plough, 69571 Dardilly, France
2 Department of Dermatology, Heinrich-Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany

Address correspondence to Christophe Caux, Laboratory for Immunological Research, Schering-Plough, 27 chemin des Peupliers, BP 11, 69571 Dardilly, France. Phone: 33-4-72-17-27-00; Fax: 33-4-78-35-47-50; email: christophe.caux{at}spcorp.com

The recruitment of selected dendritic cell (DC) subtypes conditions the class of the immune response. Here we show that the migration of human plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), the blood natural interferon {alpha}–producing cells, is induced upon the collective action of inducible and constitutive chemokines. Despite expression of very high levels of CXCR3, pDCs do not respond efficiently to CXCR3 ligands. However, they migrate in response to the constitutive chemokine stromal cell–derived factor 1 (SDF-1)/CXCL12 and CXCR3 ligands synergize with SDF-1/CXCL12 to induce pDC migration. This synergy reflects a sensitizing effect of CXCR3 ligands, which, independently of a gradient and chemoattraction, decrease by 20–50-fold the threshold of sensitivity to SDF-1/CXCL12. Thus, the ability of the constitutive chemokine SDF-1/CXCL12 to induce pDC recruitment might be controlled by CXCR3 ligands released during inflammation such as in virus infection. SDF-1/CXCL12 and the CXCR3 ligands Mig/CXCL9 and ITAC/CXCL1 display adjacent expression both in secondary lymphoid organs and in inflamed epithelium from virus-induced pathologic lesions. Because pDCs express both the lymph node homing molecule L-selectin and the cutaneous homing molecule cutaneous lymphocyte antigen, the cooperation between inducible CXCR3 ligands and constitutive SDF-1/CXCL12 may regulate recruitment of pDCs either in lymph nodes or at peripheral sites of inflammation.

Key Words: dendritic cells • chemokines • migration • regulation • virus


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