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¹ Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
² Department of Nephrology, University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
³ Max-Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13092 Berlin, Germany

Address correspondence to Reinhold Förster, Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 30625 Hannover, Germany. Phone: 49-511-5329721; Fax: 49-511-5329722; E-mail: foerster.reinhold{at}mh-hannover.de

Homeostatic chemokines participate in the development of secondary lymphoid organs and later on in the functional organization of these tissues. The development of lymph nodes (LNs) and Peyer's patches depends on the recruitment of CD3^- CD4⁺ interleukin (IL)-7R^hi cells to sites of future organ development. CD3^- CD4⁺ IL-7R^hi cells express the chemokine receptor CXCR5 and might be attracted by its ligand CXCL13, which is secreted by mesenchymal cells. Mesenchymal cells also secrete CCL19, a ligand for CCR7, yet it is not clear whether CCR7 and CCL19 are important for secondary lymphoid organ development. Analyzing CXCR5^-/- CCR7^-/- double deficient mice we now show that these mice lack all examined peripheral LNs suggesting a profound role for both receptors in secondary lymphoid organ development. We demonstrate that CD3^- CD4⁺ IL-7R^hi cells express CXCR5 as well as CCR7 indicating that both receptors cooperate during an early step of secondary lymphoid organ development. Furthermore, CXCR5^-/- CCR7^-/- mice display a severely disturbed architecture of mesenteric LN and spleen. Due to an impaired migration of B cells into the white pulp, CXCR5^-/- CCR7^-/- mice fail to develop B cell follicles but show small clusters of unorganized lymphocytes in the spleen. These data demonstrate a cooperative function of CXCR5 and CCR7 in lymphoid organ organogenesis and organization.

Key Words: chemokine receptors • development • B cells • lymphoid organs • migration

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