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¹ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756
² Department of Surgery and Immunology, Mayo Medical School, Rochester, MN 55905

Address correspondence to Randolph J. Noelle, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756. Phone: 603-650-7670; Fax: 603-650-6223; E-mail: rjn{at}dartmouth.edu

The contribution that long-lived bone marrow (BM) plasma cells (PCs) provide to enduring humoral immunity has been underscored by a number of recent studies. However, little is known about the immediate precursors that give rise to long-lived PCs in the BM of immune individuals. We have identified subsets of antigen-experienced B cells within the immune BM that are precursors to PCs. These PC precursors arise in the BM 14 days after immunization and persist for greater than 9 months. Phenotypically distinct subsets of PC precursors give rise to short-lived or long-lived PCs. The differentiation of PC precursors to PCs occurs in the absence of antigen and requires cell division. The functional significance of these newly identified PC precursors in the persistence and quality of the humoral immune response is discussed.

Key Words: B lymphocyte subsets • antibody formation • cell differentiation • cell lineage • immunophenotyping

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