Home | Help | Feedback | Subscriptions | Archive | Search | Table of Contents

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) PPT slides of all figures Alert me when this article is cited Citation Map Services Email this article Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new content in the JEM Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Lee, P. T. Articles by Bendelac, A. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Lee, P. T. Articles by Bendelac, A. Social Bookmarking                      What's this?

Distinct Functional Lineages of Human V24 Natural Killer T Cells

¹ Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
² Department of Immunology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037

Address correspondence to Albert Bendelac, Dept. of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Rd., Princeton, NJ 08544. Phone: 609-258-5454; Fax: 609-258-2205; E-mail: abendelac{at}molbio.princeton.edu

CD1d-restricted autoreactive natural killer (NK)T cells have been reported to regulate a range of disease conditions, including type I diabetes and immune rejection of cancer, through the secretion of either T helper (Th)2 or Th1 cytokines. However, mechanisms underlying Th2 versus Th1 cytokine secretion by these cells are not well understood. Since most healthy subjects express <1 NKT cell per 1,000 peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), we devised a new method based on the combined used of T cell receptor (TCR)-specific reagents -galactosylceramide (GalCer) loaded CD1d-tetramers and anti-V24 monoclonal antibody, to specifically identify and characterize these rare cells in fresh PBLs. We report here that CD4⁺ and CD4^-CD8^- (double negative [DN]) NKT cell subsets represent functionally distinct lineages with marked differences in their profile of cytokine secretion and pattern of expression of chemokine receptors, integrins, and NK receptors. CD4⁺ NKT cells were the exclusive producers of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 upon primary stimulation, whereas DN NKT cells had a strict Th1 profile and prominently expressed several NK lineage receptors. These findings may explain how NKT cells could promote Th2 responses in some conditions and Th1 in others, and should be taken into consideration for intervention in relevant diseases.

Key Words: CD1 • NKT cells • cytokine • IDDM • T cell development

CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Koh, Y. I., Kim, H. Y., Meyer, E. H., Pichavant, M., Akbari, O., Yasumi, T., Savage, P. B., DeKruyff, R. H., Umetsu, D. T. (2008). Activation of Nonclassical CD1d-Restricted NK T Cells Induces Airway Hyperreactivity in {beta}2-Microglobulin-Deficient Mice. J. Immunol. 181: 4560-4569 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Patterson, S., Chaidos, A., Neville, D. C. A., Poggi, A., Butters, T. D., Roberts, I. A. G., Karadimitris, A. (2008). Human Invariant NKT Cells Display Alloreactivity Instructed by Invariant TCR-CD1d Interaction and Killer Ig Receptors. J. Immunol. 181: 3268-3276 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Moreno, M., Molling, J. W., von Mensdorff-Pouilly, S., Verheijen, R. H. M., Hooijberg, E., Kramer, D., Reurs, A. W., van den Eertwegh, A. J. M., von Blomberg, B. M. E., Scheper, R. J., Bontkes, H. J. (2008). IFN-{gamma}-Producing Human Invariant NKT Cells Promote Tumor-Associated Antigen-Specific Cytotoxic T Cell Responses. J. Immunol. 181: 2446-2454 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Coquet, J. M., Chakravarti, S., Kyparissoudis, K., McNab, F. W., Pitt, L. A., McKenzie, B. S., Berzins, S. P., Smyth, M. J., Godfrey, D. I. (2008). Diverse cytokine production by NKT cell subsets and identification of an IL-17-producing CD4-NK1.1- NKT cell population. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105: 11287-11292 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Brinster, C., Shevach, E. M. (2008). Costimulatory effects of IL-1 on the expansion/differentiation of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ and CD4+CD25+Foxp3- T cells. J. Leukoc. Biol. 84: 480-487 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Vallois, D., Gagnerault, M.-C., Avner, P., Rogner, U. C., Boitard, C., Benlagha, K., Herbelin, A., Lepault, F. (2008). Influence of a Non-NK Complex Region of Chromosome 6 on CD4+ Invariant NK T Cell Homeostasis. J. Immunol. 181: 1753-1759 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Renukaradhya, G. J., Khan, M. A., Vieira, M., Du, W., Gervay-Hague, J., Brutkiewicz, R. R. (2008). Type I NKT cells protect (and type II NKT cells suppress) the host's innate antitumor immune response to a B-cell lymphoma. Blood 111: 5637-5645 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Berzofsky, J. A., Terabe, M. (2008). NKT Cells in Tumor Immunity: Opposing Subsets Define a New Immunoregulatory Axis. J. Immunol. 180: 3627-3635 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Allende, M. L., Zhou, D., Kalkofen, D. N., Benhamed, S., Tuymetova, G., Borowski, C., Bendelac, A., Proia, R. L. (2008). S1P1 receptor expression regulates emergence of NKT cells in peripheral tissues. FASEB J. 22: 307-315 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chen, X., Wang, X., Besra, G. S., Gumperz, J. E. (2007). Modulation of CD1d-restricted NKT cell responses by CD4. J. Leukoc. Biol. 82: 1455-1465 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• McNab, F. W., Pellicci, D. G., Field, K., Besra, G., Smyth, M. J., Godfrey, D. I., Berzins, S. P. (2007). Peripheral NK1.1 NKT Cells Are Mature and Functionally Distinct from Their Thymic Counterparts. J. Immunol. 179: 6630-6637 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Onoda, T., Rahman, M., Nara, H., Araki, A., Makabe, K., Tsumoto, K., Kumagai, I., Kudo, T., Ishii, N., Tanaka, N., Sugamura, K., Hayasaka, K., Asao, H. (2007). Human CD4+ central and effector memory T cells produce IL-21: effect on cytokine-driven proliferation of CD4+ T cell subsets. Int Immunol 19: 1191-1199 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sakuishi, K., Oki, S., Araki, M., Porcelli, S. A., Miyake, S., Yamamura, T. (2007). Invariant NKT Cells Biased for IL-5 Production Act as Crucial Regulators of Inflammation. J. Immunol. 179: 3452-3462 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Herve, M., Isnardi, I., Ng, Y.-s., Bussel, J. B., Ochs, H. D., Cunningham-Rundles, C., Meffre, E. (2007). CD40 ligand and MHC class II expression are essential for human peripheral B cell tolerance. J. Exp. Med. 204: 1583-1593 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Thedrez, A., de Lalla, C., Allain, S., Zaccagnino, L., Sidobre, S., Garavaglia, C., Borsellino, G., Dellabona, P., Bonneville, M., Scotet, E., Casorati, G. (2007). CD4 engagement by CD1d potentiates activation of CD4+ invariant NKT cells. Blood 110: 251-258 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Soulard, V., Roland, J., Sellier, C., Gruner, A. C., Leite-de-Moraes, M., Franetich, J.-F., Renia, L., Cazenave, P.-A., Pied, S. (2007). Primary Infection of C57BL/6 Mice with Plasmodium yoelii Induces a Heterogeneous Response of NKT Cells. Infect. Immun. 75: 2511-2522 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zhu, R., Diem, S., Araujo, L. M., Aumeunier, A., Denizeau, J., Philadelphe, E., Damotte, D., Samson, M., Gourdy, P., Dy, M., Schneider, E., Herbelin, A. (2007). The Pro-Th1 Cytokine IL-12 Enhances IL-4 Production by Invariant NKT Cells: Relevance for T Cell-Mediated Hepatitis. J. Immunol. 178: 5435-5442 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• van derVliet, H. J.J., Koon, H. B., Yue, S. C., Uzunparmak, B., Seery, V., Gavin, M. A., Rudensky, A. Y., Atkins, M. B., Balk, S. P., Exley, M. A. (2007). Effects of the Administration of High-Dose Interleukin-2 on Immunoregulatory Cell Subsets in Patients with Advanced Melanoma and Renal Cell Cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 13: 2100-2108 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Coppieters, K., Dewint, P., Van Beneden, K., Jacques, P., Seeuws, S., Verbruggen, G., Deforce, D., Elewaut, D. (2007). NKT cells: manipulable managers of joint inflammation. Rheumatology (Oxford) 46: 565-571 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Joyee, A. G., Qiu, H., Wang, S., Fan, Y., Bilenki, L., Yang, X. (2007). Distinct NKT Cell Subsets Are Induced by Different Chlamydia Species Leading to Differential Adaptive Immunity and Host Resistance to the Infections. J. Immunol. 178: 1048-1058 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zullo, A. J., Benlagha, K., Bendelac, A., Taparowsky, E. J. (2007). Sensitivity of NK1.1-Negative NKT Cells to Transgenic BATF Defines a Role for Activator Protein-1 in the Expansion and Maturation of Immature NKT Cells in the Thymus. J. Immunol. 178: 58-66 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tuovinen, H., Salminen, J. T., Arstila, T. P. (2006). Most human thymic and peripheral-blood CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells express 2 T-cell receptors. Blood 108: 4063-4070 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• van der Vliet, H. J. J., van Vonderen, M. G. A., Molling, J. W., Bontkes, H. J., Reijm, M., Reiss, P., van Agtmael, M. A., Danner, S. A., van den Eertwegh, A. J. M., von Blomberg, B. M. E., Scheper, R. J. (2006). Cutting Edge: Rapid Recovery of NKT Cells upon Institution of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV-1 Infection. J. Immunol. 177: 5775-5778 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Im, J. S., Tapinos, N., Chae, G.-T., Illarionov, P. A., Besra, G. S., DeVries, G. H., Modlin, R. L., Sieling, P. A., Rambukkana, A., Porcelli, S. A. (2006). Expression of CD1d Molecules by Human Schwann Cells and Potential Interactions with Immunoregulatory Invariant NK T Cells. J. Immunol. 177: 5226-5235 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• van der Vliet, H. J.J., Balk, S. P., Exley, M. A. (2006). Natural Killer T Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapy.. Clin. Cancer Res. 12: 5921-5923 [Full Text]  
• Emoto, M., Yoshizawa, I., Emoto, Y., Miamoto, M., Hurwitz, R., Kaufmann, S. H. E. (2006). Rapid Development of a Gamma Interferon-Secreting Glycolipid/CD1d-Specific V{alpha}14+ NK1.1- T-Cell Subset after Bacterial Infection.. Infect. Immun. 74: 5903-5913 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sato, T., Iwabuchi, K., Nagaoka, I., Adachi, Y., Ohno, N., Tamura, H., Seyama, K., Fukuchi, Y., Nakayama, H., Yoshizaki, F., Takamori, K., Ogawa, H. (2006). Induction of human neutrophil chemotaxis by Candida albicans-derived {beta}-1,6-long glycoside side-chain-branched {beta}-glucan. J. Leukoc. Biol. 80: 204-211 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lin, H., Nieda, M., Hutton, J. F., Rozenkov, V., Nicol, A. J. (2006). Comparative gene expression analysis of NKT cell subpopulations. J. Leukoc. Biol. 80: 164-173 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Larkin, J., Renukaradhya, G. J., Sriram, V., Du, W., Gervay-Hague, J., Brutkiewicz, R. R. (2006). CD44 Differentially Activates Mouse NK T Cells and Conventional T Cells. J. Immunol. 177: 268-279 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kotsianidis, I., Silk, J. D., Spanoudakis, E., Patterson, S., Almeida, A., Schmidt, R. R., Tsatalas, C., Bourikas, G., Cerundolo, V., Roberts, I. A. G., Karadimitris, A. (2006). Regulation of hematopoiesis in vitro and in vivo by invariant NKT cells. Blood 107: 3138-3144 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rocha-Campos, A.-C., Melki, R., Zhu, R., Deruytter, N., Damotte, D., Dy, M., Herbelin, A., Garchon, H.-J. (2006). Genetic and Functional Analysis of the Nkt1 Locus Using Congenic NOD Mice: Improved V{alpha}14-NKT Cell Performance but Failure to Protect Against Type 1 Diabetes.. Diabetes 55: 1163-1170 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Akbari, O., Faul, J. L., Hoyte, E. G., Berry, G. J., Wahlstrom, J., Kronenberg, M., DeKruyff, R. H., Umetsu, D. T. (2006). CD4+ invariant T-cell-receptor+ natural killer T cells in bronchial asthma.. NEJM 354: 1117-1129 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zimmer, M. I., Colmone, A., Felio, K., Xu, H., Ma, A., Wang, C.-R. (2006). A Cell-Type Specific CD1d Expression Program Modulates Invariant NKT Cell Development and Function. J. Immunol. 176: 1421-1430 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wang, Z.-Y., Kusam, S., Munugalavadla, V., Kapur, R., Brutkiewicz, R. R., Dent, A. L. (2006). Regulation of Th2 Cytokine Expression in NKT Cells: Unconventional Use of Stat6, GATA-3, and NFAT2. J. Immunol. 176: 880-888 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Seino, K.-i., Taniguchi, M. (2005). Functionally distinct NKT cell subsets and subtypes. J. Exp. Med. 202: 1623-1626 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sundrud, M. S., VanCompernolle, S. E., Eger, K. A., Bruno, T. C., Subramaniam, A., Mummidi, S., Ahuja, S. K., Unutmaz, D. (2005). Transcription factor GATA-1 potently represses the expression of the HIV-1 coreceptor CCR5 in human T cells and dendritic cells. Blood 106: 3440-3448 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Crowe, N. Y., Coquet, J. M., Berzins, S. P., Kyparissoudis, K., Keating, R., Pellicci, D. G., Hayakawa, Y., Godfrey, D. I., Smyth, M. J. (2005). Differential antitumor immunity mediated by NKT cell subsets in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 202: 1279-1288 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sen, Y., Yongyi, B., Yuling, H., Luokun, X., Li, H., Jie, X., Tao, D., Gang, Z., Junyan, L., Chunsong, H., Zhang, X., Youxin, J., Feili, G., Boquan, J., Jinquan, T. (2005). V{alpha}24-Invariant NKT Cells from Patients with Allergic Asthma Express CCR9 at High Frequency and Induce Th2 Bias of CD3+ T Cells upon CD226 Engagement. J. Immunol. 175: 4914-4926 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tachibana, T., Onodera, H., Tsuruyama, T., Mori, A., Nagayama, S., Hiai, H., Imamura, M. (2005). Increased Intratumor V{alpha}24-Positive Natural Killer T Cells: A Prognostic Factor for Primary Colorectal Carcinomas. Clin. Cancer Res. 11: 7322-7327 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kent, S. C., Chen, Y., Clemmings, S. M., Viglietta, V., Kenyon, N. S., Ricordi, C., Hering, B., Hafler, D. A. (2005). Loss of IL-4 Secretion from Human Type 1a Diabetic Pancreatic Draining Lymph Node NKT Cells. J. Immunol. 175: 4458-4464 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Osada, T., Morse, M. A., Lyerly, H. K., Clay, T. M. (2005). Ex vivo expanded human CD4+ regulatory NKT cells suppress expansion of tumor antigen-specific CTLs. Int Immunol 17: 1143-1155 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chang, D. H., Osman, K., Connolly, J., Kukreja, A., Krasovsky, J., Pack, M., Hutchinson, A., Geller, M., Liu, N., Annable, R., Shay, J., Kirchhoff, K., Nishi, N., Ando, Y., Hayashi, K., Hassoun, H., Steinman, R. M., Dhodapkar, M. V. (2005). Sustained expansion of NKT cells and antigen-specific T cells after injection of {alpha}-galactosyl-ceramide loaded mature dendritic cells in cancer patients. J. Exp. Med. 201: 1503-1517 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yu, K. O. A., Im, J. S., Molano, A., Dutronc, Y., Illarionov, P. A., Forestier, C., Fujiwara, N., Arias, I., Miyake, S., Yamamura, T., Chang, Y.-T., Besra, G. S., Porcelli, S. A. (2005). Modulation of CD1d-restricted NKT cell responses by using N-acyl variants of {alpha}-galactosylceramides. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102: 3383-3388 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Baev, D. V., Peng, X.-h., Song, L., Barnhart, J. R., Crooks, G. M., Weinberg, K. I., Metelitsa, L. S. (2004). Distinct homeostatic requirements of CD4+ and CD4- subsets of V{alpha}24-invariant natural killer T cells in humans. Blood 104: 4150-4156 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Crough, T., Nieda, M., Nicol, A. J. (2004). Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Modulates {alpha}-Galactosylceramide-Responsive Human V{alpha}24+V{beta}11+ NKT Cells. J. Immunol. 173: 4960-4966 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gumperz, J. E. (2004). CD1d-restricted "NKT" cells and myeloid IL-12 production: an immunological crossroads leading to promotion or suppression of effective anti-tumor immune responses?. J. Leukoc. Biol. 76: 307-313 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• de Lalla, C., Galli, G., Aldrighetti, L., Romeo, R., Mariani, M., Monno, A., Nuti, S., Colombo, M., Callea, F., Porcelli, S. A., Panina-Bordignon, P., Abrignani, S., Casorati, G., Dellabona, P. (2004). Production of Profibrotic Cytokines by Invariant NKT Cells Characterizes Cirrhosis Progression in Chronic Viral Hepatitis. J. Immunol. 173: 1417-1425 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Saito, T., Okumura, A., Watanabe, H., Asano, M., Ishida-Okawara, A., Sakagami, J., Sudo, K., Hatano-Yokoe, Y., Bezbradica, J. S., Joyce, S., Abo, T., Iwakura, Y., Suzuki, K., Yamagoe, S. (2004). Increase in Hepatic NKT Cells in Leukocyte Cell-Derived Chemotaxin 2-Deficient Mice Contributes to Severe Concanavalin A-Induced Hepatitis. J. Immunol. 173: 579-585 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ho, L.-P., Urban, B. C., Jones, L., Ogg, G. S., McMichael, A. J. (2004). CD4-CD8{alpha}{alpha} Subset of CD1d-Restricted NKT Cells Controls T Cell Expansion. J. Immunol. 172: 7350-7358 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sandberg, J. K., Stoddart, C. A., Brilot, F., Jordan, K. A., Nixon, D. F. (2004). Development of innate CD4+ {alpha}-chain variable gene segment 24 (V{alpha}24) natural killer T cells in the early human fetal thymus is regulated by IL-7. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101: 7058-7063 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Metelitsa, L. S., Wu, H.-W., Wang, H., Yang, Y., Warsi, Z., Asgharzadeh, S., Groshen, S., Wilson, S. B., Seeger, R. C. (2004). Natural Killer T Cells Infiltrate Neuroblastomas Expressing the Chemokine CCL2. J. Exp. Med. 199: 1213-1221 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yang, Y., Ueno, A., Bao, M., Wang, Z., Im, J. S., Porcelli, S., Yoon, J.-W. (2003). Control of NKT Cell Differentiation by Tissue-Specific Microenvironments. J. Immunol. 171: 5913-5920 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gansuvd, B., Hubbard, W. J., Hutchings, A., Thomas, F. T., Goodwin, J., Wilson, S. B., Exley, M. A., Thomas, J. M. (2003). Phenotypic and Functional Characterization of Long-Term Cultured Rhesus Macaque Spleen-Derived NKT Cells. J. Immunol. 171: 2904-2911 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Thomas, S. Y., Hou, R., Boyson, J. E., Means, T. K., Hess, C., Olson, D. P., Strominger, J. L., Brenner, M. B., Gumperz, J. E., Wilson, S. B., Luster, A. D. (2003). CD1d-Restricted NKT Cells Express a Chemokine Receptor Profile Indicative of Th1-Type Inflammatory Homing Cells. J. Immunol. 171: 2571-2580 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kenna, T., Mason, L. G., Porcelli, S. A., Koezuka, Y., Hegarty, J. E., O'Farrelly, C., Doherty, D. G. (2003). NKT Cells from Normal and Tumor-Bearing Human Livers Are Phenotypically and Functionally Distinct from Murine NKT Cells. J. Immunol. 171: 1775-1779 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nakamura, T., Sonoda, K.-H., Faunce, D. E., Gumperz, J., Yamamura, T., Miyake, S., Stein-Streilein, J. (2003). CD4+ NKT Cells, But Not Conventional CD4+ T Cells, Are Required to Generate Efferent CD8+ T Regulatory Cells Following Antigen Inoculation in an Immune-Privileged Site. J. Immunol. 171: 1266-1271 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Motsinger, A., Azimzadeh, A., Stanic, A. K., Johnson, R. P., Van Kaer, L., Joyce, S., Unutmaz, D. (2003). Identification and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection of CD1d-Restricted Macaque Natural Killer T Cells. J. Virol. 77: 8153-8158 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Matsuda, J. L., Gapin, L., Baron, J. L., Sidobre, S., Stetson, D. B., Mohrs, M., Locksley, R. M., Kronenberg, M. (2003). Mouse V{alpha}14i natural killer T cells are resistant to cytokine polarization in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100: 8395-8400 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Dhodapkar, M. V., Geller, M. D., Chang, D. H., Shimizu, K., Fujii, S.-I., Dhodapkar, K. M., Krasovsky, J. (2003). A Reversible Defect in Natural Killer T Cell Function Characterizes the Progression of Premalignant to Malignant Multiple Myeloma. J. Exp. Med. 197: 1667-1676 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Matsuki, N., Stanic, A. K., Embers, M. E., Van Kaer, L., Morel, L., Joyce, S. (2003). Genetic Dissection of V{alpha}14J{alpha}18 Natural T Cell Number and Function in Autoimmune-Prone Mice. J. Immunol. 170: 5429-5437 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Asnafi, V., Beldjord, K., Boulanger, E., Comba, B., Le Tutour, P., Estienne, M.-H., Davi, F., Landman-Parker, J., Quartier, P., Buzyn, A., Delabesse, E., Valensi, F., Macintyre, E. (2003). Analysis of TCR, pTalpha , and RAG-1 in T-acute lymphoblastic leukemias improves understanding of early human T-lymphoid lineage commitment. Blood 101: 2693-2703 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Araki, M., Kondo, T., Gumperz, J. E., Brenner, M. B., Miyake, S., Yamamura, T. (2003). Th2 bias of CD4+ NKT cells derived from multiple sclerosis in remission. Int Immunol 15: 279-288 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Boyson, J. E., Rybalov, B., Koopman, L. A., Exley, M., Balk, S. P., Racke, F. K., Schatz, F., Masch, R., Wilson, S. B., Strominger, J. L. (2002). CD1d and invariant NKT cells at the human maternal-fetal interface. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99: 13741-13746 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gadue, P., Stein, P. L. (2002). NK T Cell Precursors Exhibit Differential Cytokine Regulation and Require Itk for Efficient Maturation. J. Immunol. 169: 2397-2406 [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Home | Help | Feedback | Subscriptions | Archive | Search

TABLE OF CONTENTS