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Address correspondence to John J. Letterio, Lab of Cell Regulation and Carcinogenesis, Building 41, Room C629, 41 Library Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892. Phone: 301-496-8348; Fax: 303-496-8395; E-mail: letterij{at}mail.nih.gov
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß is the prototype in a family of secreted proteins that act in autocrine and paracrine pathways to regulate cell development and function. Normal cells typically coexpress TGF-ß receptors and one or more isoforms of TGF-ß, thus the synthesis and secretion of TGF-ß as an inactive latent complex is considered an essential step in regula-ting the activity of this pathway. To determine whether intracellular activation of TGF-ß results in TGF-ß ligandreceptor interactions within the cell, we studied pristane-induced plasma cell tumors (PCTs). We now demonstrate that active TGF-ß1 in the PCT binds to intracellular TGF-ß type II receptor (TßRII). Disruption of the expression of TGF-ß1 by antisense TGF-ß1 mRNA restores localization of TßRII at the PCT cell surface, indicating a ligand-induced impediment in receptor trafficking. We also show that retroviral expression of a truncated, dominant-negative TßRII (dnTßRII) effectively competes for intracellular binding of active ligand in the PCT and restores cell surface expression of the endogenous TßRII. Analysis of TGF-ß receptoractivated Smad2 suggests the intracellular ligandreceptor complex is not capable of signaling. These data are the first to demonstrate the formation of an intracellular TGF-ßreceptor complex, and define a novel mechanism for modulating the TGF-ß signaling pathway.
Key Words: receptor trafficking intracellular signal-transduction plasmacytoma
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