Home | Help | Feedback | Subscriptions | Archive | Search | Table of Contents

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Citation Map Services Email this article Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new content in the JEM Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Termeer, C. Articles by Simon, J. C. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Termeer, C. Articles by Simon, J. C. Social Bookmarking                      What's this?

¹ Department of Dermatology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
² Institute for Genetics, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe D-76021, Germany
³ Max-Planck Institute for Immunobiology, Freiburg D-79011, Germany
⁴ Division of Infectious Genetics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
⁵ Department for Biophysical Chemistry, Biocenter Basel, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland

Address correspondence to C. Termeer, Dept. of Dermatology, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 7, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Phone: 49-761-270-6831; Fax: 49-761-270-6829; E-mail: Termeer{at}haut.ukl.uni-freiburg.de

Low molecular weight fragmentation products of the polysaccharide of Hyaluronic acid (sHA) produced during inflammation have been shown to be potent activators of immunocompetent cells such as dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. Here we report that sHA induces maturation of DCs via the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, a receptor complex associated with innate immunity and host defense against bacterial infection. Bone marrow–derived DCs from C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr mice carrying mutant TLR-4 alleles were nonresponsive to sHA-induced phenotypic and functional maturation. Conversely, DCs from TLR-2–deficient mice were still susceptible to sHA. In accordance, addition of an anti–TLR-4 mAb to human monocyte–derived DCs blocked sHA-induced tumor necrosis factor production. Western blot analysis revealed that sHA treatment resulted in distinct phosphorylation of p38/p42/44 MAP-kinases and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (NF)-B, all components of the TLR-4 signaling pathway. Blockade of this pathway by specific inhibitors completely abrogated the sHA-induced DC maturation. Finally, intravenous injection of sHA-induced DC emigration from the skin and their phenotypic and functional maturation in the spleen, again depending on the expression of TLR-4. In conclusion, this is the first report that polysaccharide degradation products of the extracellular matrix produced during inflammation might serve as an endogenous ligand for the TLR-4 complex on DCs.

Key Words: extracellular matrix • glycosaminoglycans • dendritic cells • Hyaluronan • toll-like receptors

CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Stuhlmeier, K. M. (2008). Hyaluronan Production in Synoviocytes as a Consequence of Viral Infections: HAS1 ACTIVATION BY EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS AND SYNTHETIC DOUBLE- AND SINGLE-STRANDED VIRAL RNA ANALOGS. J. Biol. Chem. 283: 16781-16789 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Shimada, M., Yanai, Y., Okazaki, T., Noma, N., Kawashima, I., Mori, T., Richards, J. S. (2008). Hyaluronan fragments generated by sperm-secreted hyaluronidase stimulate cytokine/chemokine production via the TLR2 and TLR4 pathway in cumulus cells of ovulated COCs, which may enhance fertilization. Development 135: 2001-2011 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yoshizaki, A., Iwata, Y., Komura, K., Ogawa, F., Hara, T., Muroi, E., Takenaka, M., Shimizu, K., Hasegawa, M., Fujimoto, M., Tedder, T. F., Sato, S. (2008). CD19 Regulates Skin and Lung Fibrosis via Toll-Like Receptor Signaling in a Model of Bleomycin-Induced Scleroderma. Am. J. Pathol. 172: 1650-1663 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schirmer, S. H., Fledderus, J. O., Bot, P. T.G., Moerland, P. D., Hoefer, I. E., Baan, J. Jr, Henriques, J. P.S., van der Schaaf, R. J., Vis, M. M., Horrevoets, A. J.G., Piek, J. J., van Royen, N. (2008). Interferon-{beta} Signaling Is Enhanced in Patients With Insufficient Coronary Collateral Artery Development and Inhibits Arteriogenesis in Mice. Circ. Res. 102: 1286-1294 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Simmonds, R. E., Foxwell, B. M. (2008). Signalling, inflammation and arthritis: NF-{kappa}B and its relevance to arthritis and inflammation. Rheumatology (Oxford) 47: 584-590 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bhattacharyya, S., Gill, R., Chen, M. L., Zhang, F., Linhardt, R. J., Dudeja, P. K., Tobacman, J. K. (2008). Toll-like Receptor 4 Mediates Induction of the Bcl10-NF{kappa}B-Interleukin-8 Inflammatory Pathway by Carrageenan in Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells. J. Biol. Chem. 283: 10550-10558 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Koga, K., Mor, G. (2008). Review Article: Expression and Function of Toll-Like Receptors at the Maternal--Fetal Interface. Reproductive Sciences 15: 231-242 [Abstract]  
• Kaczorowski, D. J., Mollen, K. P., Edmonds, R., Billiar, T. R. (2008). Early events in the recognition of danger signals after tissue injury. J. Leukoc. Biol. 83: 546-552 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Vigetti, D., Viola, M., Karousou, E., Rizzi, M., Moretto, P., Genasetti, A., Clerici, M., Hascall, V. C., De Luca, G., Passi, A. (2008). Hyaluronan-CD44-ERK1/2 Regulate Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cell Motility during Aging. J. Biol. Chem. 283: 4448-4458 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yang, D., Chen, Q., Su, S. B., Zhang, P., Kurosaka, K., Caspi, R. R., Michalek, S. M., Rosenberg, H. F., Zhang, N., Oppenheim, J. J. (2008). Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin acts as an alarmin to activate the TLR2-MyD88 signal pathway in dendritic cells and enhances Th2 immune responses. J. Exp. Med. 205: 79-90 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Stenzel, W., Soltek, S., Sanchez-Ruiz, M., Akira, S., Miletic, H., Schluter, D., Deckert, M. (2008). Both TLR2 and TLR4 Are Required for the Effective Immune Response in Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Experimental Murine Brain Abscess. Am. J. Pathol. 172: 132-145 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mahaffey, C. L., Mummert, M. E. (2007). Hyaluronan Synthesis Is Required for IL-2-Mediated T Cell Proliferation. J. Immunol. 179: 8191-8199 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tonks, A. J., Dudley, E., Porter, N. G., Parton, J., Brazier, J., Smith, E. L., Tonks, A. (2007). A 5.8-kDa component of manuka honey stimulates immune cells via TLR4. J. Leukoc. Biol. 82: 1147-1155 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Dai, G., Freudenberger, T., Zipper, P., Melchior, A., Grether-Beck, S., Rabausch, B., de Groot, J., Twarock, S., Hanenberg, H., Homey, B., Krutmann, J., Reifenberger, J., Fischer, J. W. (2007). Chronic Ultraviolet B Irradiation Causes Loss of Hyaluronic Acid from Mouse Dermis Because of Down-Regulation of Hyaluronic Acid Synthases. Am. J. Pathol. 171: 1451-1461 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Peng, Y., Han, G., Shao, H., Wang, Y., Kaplan, H. J., Sun, D. (2007). Characterization of IL-17+ Interphotoreceptor Retinoid-Binding Protein-Specific T Cells in Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis. IOVS 48: 4153-4161 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gondokaryono, S. P., Ushio, H., Niyonsaba, F., Hara, M., Takenaka, H., Jayawardana, S. T. M., Ikeda, S., Okumura, K., Ogawa, H. (2007). The extra domain A of fibronectin stimulates murine mast cells via Toll-like receptor 4. J. Leukoc. Biol. 82: 657-665 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Divanovic, S., Trompette, A., Petiniot, L. K., Allen, J. L., Flick, L. M., Belkaid, Y., Madan, R., Haky, J. J., Karp, C. L. (2007). Regulation of TLR4 signaling and the host interface with pathogens and danger: the role of RP105. J. Leukoc. Biol. 82: 265-271 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tang, A. H., Brunn, G. J., Cascalho, M., Platt, J. L. (2007). Pivotal Advance: Endogenous pathway to SIRS, sepsis, and related conditions. J. Leukoc. Biol. 82: 282-285 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hollingsworth, J. W., Li, Z., Brass, D. M., Garantziotis, S., Timberlake, S. H., Kim, A., Hossain, I., Savani, R. C., Schwartz, D. A. (2007). CD44 Regulates Macrophage Recruitment to the Lung in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Airway Disease. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio. 37: 248-253 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bollyky, P. L., Lord, J. D., Masewicz, S. A., Evanko, S. P., Buckner, J. H., Wight, T. N., Nepom, G. T. (2007). Cutting Edge: High Molecular Weight Hyaluronan Promotes the Suppressive Effects of CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells. J. Immunol. 179: 744-747 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kuang, D.-M., Wu, Y., Chen, N., Cheng, J., Zhuang, S.-M., Zheng, L. (2007). Tumor-derived hyaluronan induces formation of immunosuppressive macrophages through transient early activation of monocytes. Blood 110: 587-595 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Figueiredo, R. T., Fernandez, P. L., Mourao-Sa, D. S., Porto, B. N., Dutra, F. F., Alves, L. S., Oliveira, M. F., Oliveira, P. L., Graca-Souza, A. V., Bozza, M. T. (2007). Characterization of Heme as Activator of Toll-like Receptor 4. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 20221-20229 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hosono, K., Nishida, Y., Knudson, W., Knudson, C. B., Naruse, T., Suzuki, Y., Ishiguro, N. (2007). Hyaluronan Oligosaccharides Inhibit Tumorigenicity of Osteosarcoma Cell Lines MG-63 and LM-8 in Vitro and in Vivo via Perturbation of Hyaluronan-Rich Pericellular Matrix of the Cells. Am. J. Pathol. 171: 274-286 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Taylor, K. R., Yamasaki, K., Radek, K. A., Nardo, A. D., Goodarzi, H., Golenbock, D., Beutler, B., Gallo, R. L. (2007). Recognition of Hyaluronan Released in Sterile Injury Involves a Unique Receptor Complex Dependent on Toll-like Receptor 4, CD44, and MD-2. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 18265-18275 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kim, D., Kim, M. A., Cho, I.-H., Kim, M. S., Lee, S., Jo, E.-K., Choi, S.-Y., Park, K., Kim, J. S., Akira, S., Na, H. S., Oh, S. B., Lee, S. J. (2007). A Critical Role of Toll-like Receptor 2 in Nerve Injury-induced Spinal Cord Glial Cell Activation and Pain Hypersensitivity. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 14975-14983 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Fan, J., Li, Y., Levy, R. M., Fan, J. J., Hackam, D. J., Vodovotz, Y., Yang, H., Tracey, K. J., Billiar, T. R., Wilson, M. A. (2007). Hemorrhagic Shock Induces NAD(P)H Oxidase Activation in Neutrophils: Role of HMGB1-TLR4 Signaling. J. Immunol. 178: 6573-6580 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chaudhuri, N., Whyte, M. K. B., Sabroe, I. (2007). Reducing the Toll of Inflammatory Lung Disease. Chest 131: 1550-1556 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Caso, J. R., Pradillo, J. M., Hurtado, O., Lorenzo, P., Moro, M. A., Lizasoain, I. (2007). Toll-Like Receptor 4 Is Involved in Brain Damage and Inflammation After Experimental Stroke. Circulation 115: 1599-1608 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Winkler, P., Ghadimi, D., Schrezenmeir, J., Kraehenbuhl, J.-P. (2007). Molecular and Cellular Basis of Microflora-Host Interactions. J. Nutr. 137: 756S-772S [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• van Lent, P L E M, Blom, A B, Grevers, L, Sloetjes, A, van den Berg, W B (2007). Toll-like receptor 4 induced Fc{gamma}R expression potentiates early onset of joint inflammation and cartilage destruction during immune complex arthritis: Toll-like receptor 4 largely regulates Fc{gamma}R expression by interleukin 10. Ann Rheum Dis 66: 334-340 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tsan, M.-F., Baochong Gao, (2007). Review: Pathogen-associated molecular pattern contamination as putative endogenous ligands of Toll-like receptors. Innate Immunity 13: 6-14 [Abstract]  
• Sacre, S. M., Andreakos, E., Kiriakidis, S., Amjadi, P., Lundberg, A., Giddins, G., Feldmann, M., Brennan, F., Foxwell, B. M. (2007). The Toll-Like Receptor Adaptor Proteins MyD88 and Mal/TIRAP Contribute to the Inflammatory and Destructive Processes in a Human Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Am. J. Pathol. 170: 518-525 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Stuhlmeier, K. M. (2007). The Anti-rheumatic Gold Salt Aurothiomalate Suppresses Interleukin-1beta-induced Hyaluronan Accumulation by Blocking HAS1 Transcription and by Acting as a COX-2 Transcriptional Repressor. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 2250-2258 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yang, Z., Mosser, D. M., Zhang, X. (2007). Activation of the MAPK, ERK, following Leishmania amazonensis Infection of Macrophages. J. Immunol. 178: 1077-1085 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tsung, A., Zheng, N., Jeyabalan, G., Izuishi, K., Klune, J. R., Geller, D. A., Lotze, M. T., Lu, L., Billiar, T. R. (2007). Increasing numbers of hepatic dendritic cells promote HMGB1-mediated ischemia-reperfusion injury. J. Leukoc. Biol. 81: 119-128 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Suganami, T., Tanimoto-Koyama, K., Nishida, J., Itoh, M., Yuan, X., Mizuarai, S., Kotani, H., Yamaoka, S., Miyake, K., Aoe, S., Kamei, Y., Ogawa, Y. (2007). Role of the Toll-like Receptor 4/NF-{kappa}B Pathway in Saturated Fatty Acid-Induced Inflammatory Changes in the Interaction Between Adipocytes and Macrophages. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio. 27: 84-91 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chang, E.-J., Kim, H. J., Ha, J., Kim, H. J., Ryu, J., Park, K.-H., Kim, U.-H., Lee, Z. H., Kim, H.-M., Fisher, D. E., Kim, H.-H. (2007). Hyaluronan inhibits osteoclast differentiation via Toll-like receptor 4. J. Cell Sci. 120: 166-176 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wang, Q., McLoughlin, R. M., Cobb, B. A., Charrel-Dennis, M., Zaleski, K. J., Golenbock, D., Tzianabos, A. O., Kasper, D. L. (2006). A bacterial carbohydrate links innate and adaptive responses through Toll-like receptor 2. J. Exp. Med. 203: 2853-2863 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Shimamoto, A., Pohlman, T. H., Shomura, S., Tarukawa, T., Takao, M., Shimpo, H. (2006). Toll-Like Receptor 4 Mediates Lung Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 82: 2017-2023 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Shimada, M., Hernandez-Gonzalez, I., Gonzalez-Robanya, I., Richards, J. S. (2006). Induced Expression of Pattern Recognition Receptors in Cumulus Oocyte Complexes: Novel Evidence for Innate Immune-Like Functions during Ovulation. Mol. Endocrinol. 20: 3228-3239 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Levy, R. M., Prince, J. M., Yang, R., Mollen, K. P., Liao, H., Watson, G. A., Fink, M. P., Vodovotz, Y., Billiar, T. R. (2006). Systemic inflammation and remote organ damage following bilateral femur fracture requires Toll-like receptor 4. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 291: R970-R976 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Demedts, I. K., Bracke, K. R., Maes, T., Joos, G. F., Brusselle, G. G. (2006). Different Roles for Human Lung Dendritic Cell Subsets in Pulmonary Immune Defense Mechanisms. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio. 35: 387-393 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Boodoo, S., Spannhake, E. W., Powell, J. D., Horton, M. R. (2006). Differential regulation of hyaluronan-induced IL-8 and IP-10 in airway epithelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 291: L479-L486 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Miyake, K. (2006). Invited review: Roles for accessory molecules in microbial recognition by Toll-like receptors. Innate Immunity 12: 195-204 [Abstract]  
• Borchers, M. T., Harris, N. L., Wesselkamper, S. C., Vitucci, M., Cosman, D. (2006). NKG2D ligands are expressed on stressed human airway epithelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 291: L222-L231 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Scheibner, K. A., Lutz, M. A., Boodoo, S., Fenton, M. J., Powell, J. D., Horton, M. R. (2006). Hyaluronan Fragments Act as an Endogenous Danger Signal by Engaging TLR2. J. Immunol. 177: 1272-1281 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nencioni, A., Schwarzenberg, K., Brauer, K. M., Schmidt, S. M., Ballestrero, A., Grunebach, F., Brossart, P. (2006). Proteasome inhibitor bortezomib modulates TLR4-induced dendritic cell activation. Blood 108: 551-558 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Noble, P. W., Jiang, D. (2006). Matrix regulation of lung injury, inflammation, and repair: the role of innate immunity.. Proc Am Thorac Soc 3: 401-404 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hussain, S. F., Yang, D., Suki, D., Aldape, K., Grimm, E., Heimberger, A. B. (2006). The role of human glioma-infiltrating microglia/macrophages in mediating antitumor immune responses. Neuro Oncol 8: 261-279 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Rallabhandi, P., Bell, J., Boukhvalova, M. S., Medvedev, A., Lorenz, E., Arditi, M., Hemming, V. G., Blanco, J. C. G., Segal, D. M., Vogel, S. N. (2006). Analysis of TLR4 Polymorphic Variants: New Insights into TLR4/MD-2/CD14 Stoichiometry, Structure, and Signaling. J. Immunol. 177: 322-332 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mohammad, M. K., Morran, M., Slotterbeck, B., Leaman, D. W., Sun, Y., Grafenstein, H. v., Hong, S.-C., McInerney, M. F. (2006). Dysregulated Toll-like receptor expression and signaling in bone marrow-derived macrophages at the onset of diabetes in the non-obese diabetic mouse. Int Immunol 18: 1101-1113 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tipping, P. G. (2006). Toll-Like Receptors: The Interface between Innate and Adaptive Immunity. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 17: 1769-1771 [Full Text]  
• Izuishi, K., Tsung, A., Jeyabalan, G., Critchlow, N. D., Li, J., Tracey, K. J., Demarco, R. A., Lotze, M. T., Fink, M. P., Geller, D. A., Billiar, T. R. (2006). Cutting Edge: High-Mobility Group Box 1 Preconditioning Protects against Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.. J. Immunol. 176: 7154-7158 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Roelofs, M. F., Boelens, W. C., Joosten, L. A. B., Abdollahi-Roodsaz, S., Geurts, J., Wunderink, L. U., Schreurs, B. W., van den Berg, W. B., Radstake, T. R. D. J. (2006). Identification of Small Heat Shock Protein B8 (HSP22) as a Novel TLR4 Ligand and Potential Involvement in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis.. J. Immunol. 176: 7021-7027 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Dentener, M A, Louis, R, Cloots, R H E, Henket, M, Wouters, E F M (2006). Differences in local versus systemic TNF{alpha} production in COPD: inhibitory effect of hyaluronan on LPS induced blood cell TNF{alpha} release. Thorax 61: 478-484 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zhai, Y., Meng, L., Gao, F., Wang, Y., Busuttil, R. W., Kupiec-Weglinski, J. W. (2006). CD4+ T Regulatory Cell Induction and Function in Transplant Recipients after CD154 Blockade Is TLR4 Independent. J. Immunol. 176: 5988-5994 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Qureshi, S. T., Zhang, X., Aberg, E., Bousette, N., Giaid, A., Shan, P., Medzhitov, R. M., Lee, P. J. (2006). Inducible Activation of TLR4 Confers Resistance to Hyperoxia-Induced Pulmonary Apoptosis.. J. Immunol. 176: 4950-4958 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tedgui, A., Mallat, Z. (2006). Cytokines in Atherosclerosis: Pathogenic and Regulatory Pathways. Physiol. Rev. 86: 515-581 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sugahara, K. N., Hirata, T., Hayasaka, H., Stern, R., Murai, T., Miyasaka, M. (2006). Tumor Cells Enhance Their Own CD44 Cleavage and Motility by Generating Hyaluronan Fragments. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 5861-5868 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Cohn, E. F., Nathan, C., Radzioch, D., Yu, H., Xiang, Z., Ding, A. (2006). Abrupt Expression of TLR4 in TLR4-Deficient Macrophages Imposes a Selective Disadvantage: Genetic Evidence for TLR4-Dependent Responses to Endogenous, Nonmicrobial Stimuli. J. Immunol. 176: 1185-1194 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Taylor, K. R., Gallo, R. L. (2006). Glycosaminoglycans and their proteoglycans: host-associated molecular patterns for initiation and modulation of inflammation. FASEB J. 20: 9-22 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ma, Y., Temkin, V., Liu, H., Pope, R. M. (2005). NF-{kappa}B Protects Macrophages from Lipopolysaccharide-induced Cell Death: THE ROLE OF CASPASE 8 AND RECEPTOR-INTERACTING PROTEIN. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 41827-41834 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Frevert, C. W., Sannes, P. L. (2005). Matrix proteoglycans as effector molecules for epithelial cell function. ERR 14: 137-144 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tsung, A., Hoffman, R. A., Izuishi, K., Critchlow, N. D., Nakao, A., Chan, M. H., Lotze, M. T., Geller, D. A., Billiar, T. R. (2005). Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Involves Functional TLR4 Signaling in Nonparenchymal Cells. J. Immunol. 175: 7661-7668 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tzircotis, G., Thorne, R. F., Isacke, C. M. (2005). Chemotaxis towards hyaluronan is dependent on CD44 expression and modulated by cell type variation in CD44-hyaluronan binding. J. Cell Sci. 118: 5119-5128 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Radstake, T R D J, van Lieshout, A W T, van Riel, P L C M, van den Berg, W B, Adema, G J (2005). Dendritic cells, Fc{gamma} receptors, and Toll-like receptors: potential allies in the battle against rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 64: 1532-1538 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yang, X., Coriolan, D., Murthy, V., Schultz, K., Golenbock, D. T., Beasley, D. (2005). Proinflammatory phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells: role of efficient Toll-like receptor 4 signaling. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 289: H1069-H1076 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zmolik, J. M., Mummert, M. E. (2005). Pep-1 as a Novel Probe for the In Situ Detection of Hyaluronan. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 53: 745-751 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Geisler, F., Algul, H., Riemann, M., Schmid, R. M. (2005). Questioning Current Concepts in Acute Pancreatitis: Endotoxin Contamination of Porcine Pancreatic Elastase Is Responsible for Experimental Pancreatitis-Associated Distant Organ Failure. J. Immunol. 174: 6431-6439 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Jameson, J. M., Cauvi, G., Sharp, L. L., Witherden, D. A., Havran, W. L. (2005). {gamma}{delta} T cell-induced hyaluronan production by epithelial cells regulates inflammation. J. Exp. Med. 201: 1269-1279 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Morris, G. E., Whyte, M. K. B., Martin, G. F., Jose, P. J., Dower, S. K., Sabroe, I. (2005). Agonists of Toll-like Receptors 2 and 4 Activate Airway Smooth Muscle via Mononuclear Leukocytes. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 171: 814-822 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tsung, A., Sahai, R., Tanaka, H., Nakao, A., Fink, M. P., Lotze, M. T., Yang, H., Li, J., Tracey, K. J., Geller, D. A., Billiar, T. R. (2005). The nuclear factor HMGB1 mediates hepatic injury after murine liver ischemia-reperfusion. J. Exp. Med. 201: 1135-1143 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Stephen, T. L., Niemeyer, M., Tzianabos, A. O., Kroenke, M., Kasper, D. L., Kalka-Moll, W. M. (2005). Effect of B7-2 and CD40 Signals from Activated Antigen-Presenting Cells on the Ability of Zwitterionic Polysaccharides To Induce T-Cell Stimulation. Infect. Immun. 73: 2184-2189 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• De Nardo, D., Masendycz, P., Ho, S., Cross, M., Fleetwood, A. J., Reynolds, E. C., Hamilton, J. A., Scholz, G. M. (2005). A Central Role for the Hsp90{middle dot}Cdc37 Molecular Chaperone Module in Interleukin-1 Receptor-associated-kinase-dependent Signaling by Toll-like Receptors. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 9813-9822 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tobias, P., Curtiss, L. K. (2005). Thematic review series: The Immune System and Atherogenesis. Paying the price for pathogen protection: toll receptors in atherogenesis. J. Lipid Res. 46: 404-411 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lee, E.-K., Kang, S.-M., Paik, D.-J., Kim, J. M., Youn, J. (2005). Essential roles of Toll-like receptor-4 signaling in arthritis induced by type II collagen antibody and LPS. Int Immunol 17: 325-333 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• del Fresno, C., Otero, K., Gomez-Garcia, L., Gonzalez-Leon, M. C., Soler-Ranger, L., Fuentes-Prior, P., Escoll, P., Baos, R., Caveda, L., Garcia, F., Arnalich, F., Lopez-Collazo, E. (2005). Tumor Cells Deactivate Human Monocytes by Up-Regulating IL-1 Receptor Associated Kinase-M Expression via CD44 and TLR4. J. Immunol. 174: 3032-3040 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Binck, B. W., Tsen, M. F., Islas, M., White, D. J., Schultz, R. A., Willis, M. S., Garcia, J. V., Horton, J. W., Thomas, J. A. (2005). Bone marrow-derived cells contribute to contractile dysfunction in endotoxic shock. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 288: H577-H583 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hirata, T., Osuga, Y., Hirota, Y., Koga, K., Yoshino, O., Harada, M., Morimoto, C., Yano, T., Nishii, O., Tsutsumi, O., Taketani, Y. (2005). Evidence for the Presence of Toll-Like Receptor 4 System in the Human Endometrium. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 90: 548-556 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zhai, Y., Shen, X.-d., O'Connell, R., Gao, F., Lassman, C., Busuttil, R. W., Cheng, G., Kupiec-Weglinski, J. W. (2004). Cutting Edge: TLR4 Activation Mediates Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Inflammatory Response via IFN Regulatory Factor 3-Dependent MyD88-Independent Pathway. J. Immunol. 173: 7115-7119 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Oliveira, A.-C., Peixoto, J. R., de Arruda, L. B., Campos, M. A., Gazzinelli, R. T., Golenbock, D. T., Akira, S., Previato, J. O., Mendonca-Previato, L., Nobrega, A., Bellio, M. (2004). Expression of Functional TLR4 Confers Proinflammatory Responsiveness to Trypanosoma cruzi Glycoinositolphospholipids and Higher Resistance to Infection with T. cruzi. J. Immunol. 173: 5688-5696 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Blundell, C. D., DeAngelis, P. L., Day, A. J., Almond, A. (2004). Use of 15N-NMR to resolve molecular details in isotopically-enriched carbohydrates: sequence-specific observations in hyaluronan oligomers up to decasaccharides. Glycobiology 14: 999-1009 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yang, R., Murillo, F. M., Cui, H., Blosser, R., Uematsu, S., Takeda, K., Akira, S., Viscidi, R. P., Roden, R. B. S. (2004). Papillomavirus-Like Particles Stimulate Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells To Produce Alpha Interferon and Th1 Immune Responses via MyD88. J. Virol. 78: 11152-11160 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Jenkins, R. H., Thomas, G. J., Williams, J. D., Steadman, R. (2004). Myofibroblastic Differentiation Leads to Hyaluronan Accumulation through Reduced Hyaluronan Turnover. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 41453-41460 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tsan, M.-F., Gao, B. (2004). Endogenous ligands of Toll-like receptors. J. Leukoc. Biol. 76: 514-519 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chong, A. J., Shimamoto, A., Hampton, C. R., Takayama, H., Spring, D. J., Rothnie, C. L., Yada, M., Pohlman, T. H., Verrier, E. D. (2004). Toll-like receptor 4 mediates ischemia/reperfusion injury of the heart. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 128: 170-179 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Whitsett, J. A., Bachurski, C. J., Barnes, K. C., Bunn, P. A. Jr., Case, L. M., Cook, D. N., Crooks, D., Duncan, M. W., Dwyer-Nield, L., Elston, R. C., Fessler, M. B., Franklin, W. A., Friedman, N., Garcia, J. G. N., Geraci, M. W., Glasgow, C., Glasser, S. W., Hardie, W. D., Henning, L. M., Johnson, G. L., Kawkitinarong, K., Keith, R. L., Korfhagen, T. R., Leikauf, G. D., Liggett, S. B., Malcolm, K. C., Malkinson, A. M., Mariani, T. J., McDowell, S. A., McGraw, D. W., Medvedovic, M., Moss, J., Nogee, L. M., Nonas, S., Pacheco-Rodriguez, G., Palmer, L. J., Peters, D. G., Prows, D. R., Redline, S., Regev, A., Sartor, M. A., Schwartz, D. A., Silverman, E. K., Steagall, W. K., Stearman, R. S., Taveira-DaSilva, A., Tichelaar, J. W., Tomlinson, C. R., Tsukada, K., Weaver, T. E., Wert, S. E., Wesselkamper, S. C., Worthen, G. S., Xu, Y., Zerbe, L., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., Choi, A. M. K., Kaminski, N. (2004). Functional Genomics of Lung Disease. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio. 31: S1-S81 [Full Text]  
• Kindzelskii, A. L., Elner, V. M., Elner, S. G., Yang, D., Hughes, B. A., Petty, H. R. (2004). Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Participates in Transmembrane Signaling in Response to Photoreceptor Outer Segments. J. Gen. Physiol. 124: 139-149 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kropf, P., Freudenberg, N., Kalis, C., Modolell, M., Herath, S., Galanos, C., Freudenberg, M., Muller, I. (2004). Infection of C57BL/10ScCr and C57BL/10ScNCr mice with Leishmania major reveals a role for Toll-like receptor 4 in the control of parasite replication. J. Leukoc. Biol. 76: 48-57 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kim, H.-R., Wheeler, M. A., Wilson, C. M., Iida, J., Eng, D., Simpson, M. A., McCarthy, J. B., Bullard, K. M. (2004). Hyaluronan Facilitates Invasion of Colon Carcinoma Cells in Vitro via Interaction with CD44. Cancer Res. 64: 4569-4576 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Farina, C., Theil, D., Semlinger, B., Hohlfeld, R., Meinl, E. (2004). Distinct responses of monocytes to Toll-like receptor ligands and inflammatory cytokines. Int Immunol 16: 799-809 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Proost, P., Verpoest, S., de Borne, K. V., Schutyser, E., Struyf, S., Put, W., Ronsse, I., Grillet, B., Opdenakker, G., Damme, J. V. (2004). Synergistic induction of CXCL9 and CXCL11 by Toll-like receptor ligands and interferon-{gamma} in fibroblasts correlates with elevated levels of CXCR3 ligands in septic arthritis synovial fluids. J. Leukoc. Biol. 75: 777-784 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kato, S., Yuzawa, Y., Tsuboi, N., Maruyama, S., Morita, Y., Matsuguchi, T., Matsuo, S. (2004). Endotoxin-Induced Chemokine Expression in Murine Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells: The Role of Toll-Like Receptor 4. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 15: 1289-1299 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Luo, Q., Ma, X., Wahl, S. M., Bieker, J. J., Crossley, M., Montaner, L. J. (2004). Activation and Repression of Interleukin-12 p40 Transcription by Erythroid Kruppel-like Factor in Macrophages. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 18451-18456 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Taylor, K. R., Trowbridge, J. M., Rudisill, J. A., Termeer, C. C., Simon, J. C., Gallo, R. L. (2004). Hyaluronan Fragments Stimulate Endothelial Recognition of Injury through TLR4. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 17079-17084 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kropf, P., Freudenberg, M. A., Modolell, M., Price, H. P., Herath, S., Antoniazi, S., Galanos, C., Smith, D. F., Muller, I. (2004). Toll-Like Receptor 4 Contributes to Efficient Control of Infection with the Protozoan Parasite Leishmania major. Infect. Immun. 72: 1920-1928 [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Home | Help | Feedback | Subscriptions | Archive | Search

TABLE OF CONTENTS