Original Article

C1q and Mannose Binding Lectin Engagement of Cell Surface Calreticulin and CD91 Initiates Macropinocytosis and Uptake of Apoptotic Cells

Correspondence to: Peter M. Henson, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, 1400 Jackson St., D508, Denver, CO 80220. Tel:303-398-1380 Fax:303-398-1381 E-mail:hensonp{at}njc.org.

Removal of apoptotic cells is essential for maintenance of tissue homeostasis, organogenesis, remodeling, development, and maintenance of the immune system, protection against neoplasia, and resolution of inflammation. The mechanisms of this removal involve recognition of the apoptotic cell surface and initiation of phagocytic uptake into a variety of cell types. Here we provide evidence that C1q and mannose binding lectin (MBL), a member of the collectin family of proteins, bind to apoptotic cells and stimulate ingestion of these by ligation on the phagocyte surface of the multifunctional protein, calreticulin (also known as the cC1qR), which in turn is bound to the endocytic receptor protein CD91, also known as the -2-macroglobulin receptor. Use of these proteins provides another example of apoptotic cell clearance mediated by pattern recognition molecules of the innate immune system. Ingestion of the apoptotic cells through calreticulin/CD91 stimulation is further shown to involve the process of macropinocytosis, implicated as a primitive and relatively nonselective uptake mechanism for C1q- and MBL-enhanced engulfment of whole, intact apoptotic cells, as well as cell debris and foreign organisms to which these molecules may bind.

Key Words: apoptosis, phagocytosis, macropinocytosis, C1q, MBL

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• Hickling, T. P., Clark, H., Malhotra, R., Sim, R. B. (2004). Collectins and their role in lung immunity. J. Leukoc. Biol. 75: 27-33 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
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• Patel, M., Morrow, J., Maxfield, F. R., Strickland, D. K., Greenberg, S., Tabas, I. (2003). The Cytoplasmic Domain of the Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Receptor-related Protein, but Not That of the LDL Receptor, Triggers Phagocytosis. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 44799-44807 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
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• Reidy, M. F., Wright, J. R. (2003). Surfactant protein A enhances apoptotic cell uptake and TGF-{beta}1 release by inflammatory alveolar macrophages. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 285: L854-L861 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
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• Kuijpers, T. W., Maianski, N. A., Tool, A. T. J., Smit, G. P. A., Rake, J. P., Roos, D., Visser, G. (2003). Apoptotic neutrophils in the circulation of patients with glycogen storage disease type 1b (GSD1b). Blood 101: 5021-5024 [Abstract] [Full Text]  

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