The Journal of Experimental Medicine
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Published online 12 March 2001.
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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0022-1007/2001/3/671/ $5.00
The Journal of Experimental Medicine, Volume 193, Number 6, March 19, 2001 671-678


Original Article

A Dendritic Cell–specific Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 3–grabbing Nonintegrin (DC-SIGN)–related Protein Is Highly Expressed on Human Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells and Promotes HIV-1 Infection

Arman A. Bashirovaa, Teunis B.H. Geijtenbeekd, Gerard C.F. van Duijnhovend, Sandra J. van Vlietd, Jeroen B.G. Eileringd, Maureen P. Martinb, Li Wuc, Thomas D. Martinc, Nicola Viebige, Percy A. Knollee, Vineet N. KewalRamanic, Yvette van Kooykd, and Mary Carringtonb
a Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick,
b Intramural Research Support Program, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick,
c HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702
d Tumor Immunology Department, University Medical Center St. Radbound, Nijmegen 6525 EX, The Netherlands
e Zentrum für Moleculare Biologie Heidelberg (ZMBH), D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany

Correspondence to: Mary Carrington, P.O. Box B, NCI-FCRDC, Frederick, MD 21702. Tel:301-846-1390 Fax:301-846-1909 E-mail:carringt{at}mail.ncifcrf.gov.

The discovery of dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-3–grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) as a DC-specific ICAM-3 binding receptor that enhances HIV-1 infection of T cells in trans has indicated a potentially important role for adhesion molecules in AIDS pathogenesis. A related molecule called DC-SIGNR exhibits 77% amino acid sequence identity with DC-SIGN. The DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR genes map within a 30-kb region on chromosome 19p13.2-3. Their strong homology and close physical location indicate a recent duplication of the original gene. Messenger RNA and protein expression patterns demonstrate that the DC-SIGN–related molecule is highly expressed on liver sinusoidal cells and in the lymph node but not on DCs, in contrast to DC-SIGN. Therefore, we suggest that a more appropriate name for the DC-SIGN–related molecule is L-SIGN, liver/lymph node–specific ICAM-3–grabbing nonintegrin. We show that in the liver, L-SIGN is expressed by sinusoidal endothelial cells. Functional studies indicate that L-SIGN behaves similarly to DC-SIGN in that it has a high affinity for ICAM-3, captures HIV-1 through gp120 binding, and enhances HIV-1 infection of T cells in trans. We propose that L-SIGN may play an important role in the interaction between liver sinusoidal endothelium and trafficking lymphocytes, as well as function in the pathogenesis of HIV-1.

Key Words: L-SIGN, adhesion receptor, chromosome 19p13.2-3, ICAM-3, HIV-1 gp120


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