The Journal of Experimental Medicine
Cytokines in immune regulation
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Published online 9 October 2000.
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© The Rockefeller University Press, 0022-1007/2000/10/1093/ $5.00
The Journal of Experimental Medicine, Volume 192, Number 8, October 16, 2000 1093-1104


Original Article

Combined Stimulation with the T Helper Cell Type 2 Cytokines Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 Induces Mouse Mast Cell Apoptosis

C. Fitzhugh Yeatman, IIa, Sarah M. Jacobs-Helberb, Paria Mirmonsefa, Sheila R. Gillespiea, Lawrence Andrew Boutona, Henrietta A. Collinsa, Stephen T. Sawyerb, Christopher P. Shelburnea, and John J. Ryana
a Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284
b Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298

Correspondence to: John J. Ryan, Dept. of Biology, Box 842012, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-2012. Tel:804-225-3456 Fax:804-828-0503

Mast cells are found in connective and mucosal tissues throughout the body. Their activation via immunoglobulin E (IgE)–antigen interactions is promoted by T helper cell type 2 (Th2) cytokines and leads to the sequelae of allergic disease. We now report a mechanism by which Th2 cytokines can regulate mast cell survival. Specifically, we find that interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 induce apoptosis in IL-3–dependent bone marrow–derived mast cells and peritoneal mast cells. This process required 6 d of costimulation with IL-3, IL-4, and IL-10, and expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (Stat6). Apoptosis was coupled with decreased expression of bcl-xL and bcl-2. While this process occurred independent of the Fas pathway, culture in IL-3+IL-4+IL-10 greatly sensitized mast cells to Fas-mediated death. Additionally, we found that IgE cross-linkage or stimulation with stem cell factor enhanced the apoptotic abilities of IL-4 and IL-10. Finally, IL-3–independent mastocytomas and mast cell lines were resistant to apoptosis induced by IL-3+IL-4+IL-10. These data offer evidence of Th2 cytokine–mediated homeostasis whereby these cytokines both elicit and limit allergic responses. Dysregulation of this pathway may play a role in allergic disease and mast cell tumor survival.

Key Words: interleukin 4, interleukin 10, mast cells, apoptosis, allergy


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