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J. Exp. Med., Volume 189, Number 9, May 3, 1999 1497-1506

Role of the Scavenger Receptor MARCO in Alveolar Macrophage Binding of Unopsonized Environmental Particles

By Aiyappa Palecanda,* Joseph Paulauskis,* Eiman Al-Mutairi,* Amy Imrich,* Guozhong Qin,* Hiroshi Suzuki,§ Tatsuhiko Kodama,§ Karl Tryggvason,parallel Henry Koziel, and Lester KobzikDagger

From the * Physiology Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; the Dagger  Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; the § Department of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of  Tokyo, Tokyo 153,  Japan; the parallel  Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; and the  Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) avidly bind and ingest unopsonized environmental particles and bacteria through scavenger-type receptors (SRs). AMs from mice with a genetic deletion of the major macrophage SR (types AI and AII; SR-/-) showed no decrease in particle binding compared with SR+/+ mice, suggesting that other SRs are involved. To identify these receptors, we generated a monoclonal antibody (mAb), PAL-1, that inhibits hamster AM binding of unopsonized particles (TiO2, Fe2O3, and latex beads; 66 ± 5, 77 ± 2, and 85 ± 2% inhibition, respectively, measured by flow cytometry). This antibody identifies a protein of ~70 kD on the AM surface (immunoprecipitation) that is expressed by AMs and other macrophages in situ. A cDNA clone encoding the mAb PAL-1-reactive protein isolated by means of COS cell expression was found to be 84 and 77% homologous to mouse and human scavenger receptor MARCO mRNA, respectively. Transfection of COS cells with MARCO cDNA conferred mAb-inhibitable TiO2 binding. Hamster MARCO also mediates AM binding of unopsonized bacteria (67 ± 5 and 47 ± 4% inhibition of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus binding by mAb PAL-1). A polyclonal antibody to human MARCO identified the expected ~70-kD band on Western blots of lysates of normal bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells (>90% AMs) and showed strong immunolabeling of human AMs in BAL cytocentrifuge preparations and within lung tissue specimens. In normal mouse AMs, the anti-MARCO mAb ED31 also showed immunoreactivity and inhibited binding of unopsonized particles (e.g., TiO2 ~40%) and bacteria. The novel function of binding unopsonized environmental dusts and pathogens suggests an important role for MARCO in the lungs' response to inhaled particles.

Key words: MARCO;  alveolar;  macrophage;  unopsonized;  environmental particle


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