J. Exp. Med., Volume 189, Number 5, March 1, 1999 811-820

Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes to An Unmutated Tumor Rejection Antigen P1A: Normal Development but Restrained Effector Function In Vivo

By Supria Sarma,^* Yong Guo,^* Yannik Guilloux,^* Cheng Lee,^* Xue-Feng Bai,^* and Yang Liu^*

From the ^* Department of Pathology and Kaplan Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York University Medical Center, New York 10016; and the  Department of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210

Unmutated tumor antigens are chosen as primary candidates for tumor vaccine because of their expression on multiple lineages of tumors. A critical issue is whether unmutated tumor antigens are expressed in normal cells, and if so, whether such expression imposes special restrictions on cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. In this study, we use a transgenic approach to study the development and effector function of T cells specific for P1A, a prototypical unmutated tumor antigen. We report here that although P1A is expressed at low levels in normal tissues, including lymphoid tissues, the P1A-specific transgenic T cells develop normally and remain highly responsive to the P1A antigen. The fact that transgenic expression of P1A antigen in the thymus induces T cell clonal deletion demonstrates that normal hematopoietic cells can process and present the P1A antigen and that P1A-specific T cells are susceptible to clonal deletion. By inference, P1A-specific T cells must have escaped clonal deletion due to low expression of P1A in the thymus. Interestingly, despite the fact that an overwhelming majority of T cells in the T cell receptor for antigen (TCR)-transgenic mice are specific for P1A, these mice are no more resistant to a P1A-expressing plasmocytoma than nontransgenic littermates. Moreover, when the same TCR-transgenic mice were challenged simultaneously with B7-1⁺ and B7-1 tumors, only B7-1⁺ tumors were rejected. Therefore, even though P1A can be a tumor rejection antigen, the effector function of P1A-specific CTL is restrained in vivo. These results have important implications for the strategy of tumor immunotherapy.

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