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J. Exp. Med.,
Volume 189, Number 12, June 21, 1999 1875-1884
By
From the Basel Institute for Immunology, CH-4005 Basel, Switzerland
Induction of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses against minor histocompatibility antigens
is dependent upon the presence of T cell help and requires the interaction of CD40 on dendritic cells (DCs) with CD40 ligand on activated T helper cells (Th). This study demonstrates that
CD40 is neither involved in Th-dependent nor Th-independent antiviral CTL responses.
Moreover, the data show that DC maturation occurs in vivo after viral infection in the absence
of CD40 and Th. This maturation did not require viral infection of DCs but was mediated by
peptide-specific CD8+ T cells. Surprisingly, naive CD8+ T cells were able to trigger DC maturation within 24 h after activation in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, peptide-activated CD8+ T
cells were able to induce maturation in trans, as DCs that failed to present the relevant antigen in
vivo also underwent maturation. Upon isolation, the in vivo-stimulated DCs were able to convert a classically Th-dependent CTL response (anti-HY) into a Th-independent response in vitro.
Thus, antiviral CD8+ T cells are sufficient for the maturation of DCs in the absence of CD40.
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