J. Exp. Med., Volume 187, Number 7, April 6, 1998 1145-1150

BRIEF DEFINITIVE REPORT:
DNA as an Adjuvant: Capacity of Insect DNA and Synthetic Oligodeoxynucleotides to Augment T Cell Responses to Specific Antigen

By Siquan Sun, Hidehiro Kishimoto, and Jonathan Sprent

From the Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037

How strong adjuvants such as complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) promote T cell priming to protein antigens in vivo is still unclear. Since the unmethylated CpG motifs in DNA of bacteria and other nonvertebrates are stimulatory for B cells and antigen-presenting cells, the strong adjuvanticity of CFA could be attributed, at least in part, to the presence of dead bacteria, i.e., a source of stimulatory DNA. In support of this possibility, evidence is presented that insect DNA in mineral oil has even stronger adjuvant activity than CFA by a number of parameters. Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing unmethylated CpG motifs mimic the effects of insect DNA and, even in soluble form, ODNs markedly potentiate clonal expansion of T cell receptor transgenic T cells responding to specific peptide.

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