J. Exp. Med.
© The Rockefeller University Press
0022-1007/97/10/1129/08 $2.00
Volume 186, Number 7, October 6, 1997 1129-1136

p46, a Novel Natural Killer Cell-specific Surface Molecule That Mediates Cell Activation

By Simona Sivori,^* Massimo Vitale, Luigia Morelli,^* Lorenza Sanseverino,^* Raffaella Augugliaro, Cristina Bottino, Lorenzo Moretta,^§ and Alessandro Moretta^*

From the ^* Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia Generale, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy;  Istituto Scientifico Tumori e Centro Biotecnologie Avanzate, Genova, Italy; ^§ Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy; and  Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologie, Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy

Limited information is available on the surface molecules that are involved in natural killer (NK) cell triggering. In this study, we selected the BAB281 monoclonal antibody (mAb) on the basis of its ability to trigger NK-mediated target cell lysis. BAB281 identified a novel NK cell-specific surface molecule of 46 kD (p46) that is expressed by all resting or activated NK cells. Importantly, unlike the NK cell antigens identified so far, the expression of p46 was strictly confined to NK cells. Upon mAb-mediated cross-linking, p46 molecules induced strong cell triggering leading to [Ca²⁺]i increases, lymphokine production, and cytolytic activity both in resting NK cells and NK cell clones. The p46-mediated induction of Ca²⁺ increases or triggering of cytolytic activity was downregulated by the simultaneous engagement of inhibitory receptors including p58, p70, and CD94/NKG2A. Both the unique cellular distribution and functional capability of p46 molecules suggest a possible role in the mechanisms of non-major histocompatibility complex-restricted cytolysis mediated by human NK cells.

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