J. Exp. Med., Volume 186, Number 10, November 17, 1997 1793-1798

BRIEF DEFINITIVE REPORT:
Signal Transduction Due to HIV-1 Envelope Interactions with Chemokine Receptors CXCR4 or CCR5

By Craig B. Davis,^* Ivan Dikic,^§ Derya Unutmaz,^* C. Mark Hill,^* James Arthos, Michael A. Siani,^¶ Darren A. Thompson,^¶ Joseph Schlessinger,^§ and Dan R. Littman^*

From the ^* Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine,  Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and ^§ Department of Pharmacology, New York University Medical Center, New York 10016;  National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and ^¶ Gryphon Sciences, South San Francisco, California 94080

Infection with HIV-1 requires expression of CD4 and the chemokine receptors CXCR4 or CCR5 at the target cell surface. Engagement of these receptors by the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein is essential for membrane fusion, but may additionally activate intracellular signaling pathways. In this study, we demonstrate that chemokines and HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins from both T-tropic and macrophage-tropic strains rapidly induce tyrosine phosphorylation of the protein tyrosine kinase Pyk2. The response requires CXCR4 and CCR5 to be accessible on the cell surface. The results presented here provide the first evidence for activation of an intracellular signaling event that can initiate multiple signaling pathways as a consequence of contact between HIV-1 and chemokine receptors.

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• Lee, B., Doranz, B. J., Rana, S., Yi, Y., Mellado, M., Frade, J. M. R., Martinez-A., C., O'Brien, S. J., Dean, M., Collman, R. G., Doms, R. W. (1998). Influence of the CCR2-V64I Polymorphism on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Coreceptor Activity and on Chemokine Receptor Function of CCR2b, CCR3, CCR5, and CXCR4. J. Virol. 72: 7450-7458 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
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• Popik, W., Hesselgesser, J. E., Pitha, P. M. (1998). Binding of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 to CD4 and CXCR4 Receptors Differentially Regulates Expression of Inflammatory Genes and Activates the MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway. J. Virol. 72: 6406-6413 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Willett, B. J., Adema, K., Heveker, N., Brelot, A., Picard, L., Alizon, M., Turner, J. D., Hoxie, J. A., Peiper, S., Neil, J. C., Hosie, M. J. (1998). The Second Extracellular Loop of CXCR4 Determines Its Function as a Receptor for Feline Immunodeficiency Virus. J. Virol. 72: 6475-6481 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
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