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From the * Division Pharma, Ciba, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; and Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin (LT) are highly pleiotropic cytokines that play
a central role in regulating HIV-1 replication. These cytokines express their activities through two membrane receptors, TNFR60 (p55-60) and TNFR80 (p75-80). In the present study we
have demonstrated by means of antagonistic and agonistic receptor-specific antibodies that in
latently infected lymphocytic (ACH-2) cells the TNFR60 plays a dominant role in signaling
HIV production, although selective activation of TNFR80 by receptor-specific antibodies can
also induce HIV production. Unexpectedly, when both TNFRs were activated simultaneously
by agonistic antibodies or coculture with cells expressing a noncleavable membrane form of
TNF, HIV production was downregulated and induction of cell death was enhanced in ACH-2
cells. More relevant, in vitro HIV-infected peripheral blood lymphocytes cocultured with cells expressing membrane TNF underwent rapid induction of apoptosis with a subsequent reduced
HIV production of these lymphocytes cultures. This was not observed with HIV-infected lymphocytes treated with soluble TNF. These data provide evidence for the differential trigger potential of membrane versus soluble TNF and show that TNFR80 is an important modulator of
TNF responsiveness of HIV-infected T cells via cooperative signaling with TNFR60.
Institute of Cell Biology and
Immunology, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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