J. Exp. Med.
Volume 185 January 1997 171-176

BRIEF DEFINITIVE REPORT:
Multiple Cytokines and Acute Inflammation Raise Mouse Leptin Levels: Potential Role in Inflammatory Anorexia

By Pasha Sarraf,^* Robert C. Frederich, Ewa M. Turner,^* Grace Ma,^* Nora T. Jaskowiak,^* Dennis J. Rivet III,^* Jeffrey S. Flier, Bradford B. Lowell, Douglas L. Fraker,^* and H. Richard Alexander^*

From ^* The Surgical Metabolism Section, Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and  Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215

Several inflammatory cytokines, most notably tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and IL-1, induce anorexia and loss of lean body mass, common manifestations of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. In C57BL/6 female mice, the administration of TNF, IL-1, and, to a lesser extent, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), produced a prompt and dose-dependent increase in serum leptin levels and leptin mRNA expression in fat. IL-10, IL-4, ciliary neurotrophic factor, and IL-2, cytokines not known to induce anorexia or decrease food intake, had no effect on leptin gene expression or serum leptin levels. After administration of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), leptin gene expression and leptin levels were increased. These findings suggest that leptin levels may be one mechanism by which anorexia is induced during acute inflammatory conditions.

CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Ballou, M. A., Cruz, G. D., Pittroff, W., Keisler, D. H., DePeters, E. J. (2008). Modifying the Acute Phase Response of Jersey Calves by Supplementing Milk Replacer with Omega-3 Fatty Acids from Fish Oil. J DAIRY SCI 91: 3478-3487 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zaralis, K., Tolkamp, B. J., Houdijk, J. G. M., Wylie, A. R. G., Kyriazakis, I. (2008). Changes in food intake and circulating leptin due to gastrointestinal parasitism in lambs of two breeds. J ANIM SCI 86: 1891-1903 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gay, J., Kokkotou, E., O'Brien, M., Pothoulakis, C., Karalis, K. P. (2008). Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Deficiency Is Associated with Reduced Local Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Experimental Colitis. Endocrinology 149: 3403-3409 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lam, Q. L. K., Zheng, B.-J., Jin, D.-Y., Cao, X., Lu, L. (2007). Leptin Induces CD40 Expression through the Activation of Akt in Murine Dendritic Cells. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 27587-27597 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Spencer, S. J., Mouihate, A., Galic, M. A., Ellis, S. L., Pittman, Q. J. (2007). Neonatal immune challenge does not affect body weight regulation in rats. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 293: R581-R589 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Luheshi, G. N., Rummel, C. (2007). Is programming of weight regulation immune to neonatal inflammation?. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 293: R578-R580 [Full Text]  
• Tang, C.-H., Lu, D.-Y., Yang, R.-S., Tsai, H.-Y., Kao, M.-C., Fu, W.-M., Chen, Y.-F. (2007). Leptin-Induced IL-6 Production Is Mediated by Leptin Receptor, Insulin Receptor Substrate-1, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase, Akt, NF-{kappa}B, and p300 Pathway in Microglia. J. Immunol. 179: 1292-1302 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lo, J., Bernstein, L. E., Canavan, B., Torriani, M., Jackson, M. B., Ahima, R. S., Grinspoon, S. K. (2007). Effects of TNF-{alpha} neutralization on adipocytokines and skeletal muscle adiposity in the metabolic syndrome. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 293: E102-E109 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lam, M. F., Leung, J. C. K., Lo, W. K., Tam, S., Chong, M.-c., Lui, S. L., Tse, K. C., Chan, T. M., Lai, K. N. (2007). Hyperleptinaemia and chronic inflammation after peritonitis predicts poor nutritional status and mortality in patients on peritoneal dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 22: 1445-1450 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Desruisseaux, M. S., Nagajyothi, , Trujillo, M. E., Tanowitz, H. B., Scherer, P. E. (2007). Adipocyte, Adipose Tissue, and Infectious Disease. Infect. Immun. 75: 1066-1078 [Full Text]  
• Amasyali, B., Aytemir, K., Kose, S., Kilic, A., Abali, G., Iyisoy, A., Kursaklioglu, H., Turan, M., Bingol, N., Isik, E., Demirtas, E. (2007). Admission Plasma Leptin Level Strongly Correlates With the Success of Thrombolytic Therapy in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction. ANGIOLOGY 57: 671-680 [Abstract]  
• Laivuori, H., Gallaher, M.J., Collura, L., Crombleholme, W.R., Markovic, N., Rajakumar, A., Hubel, C.A., Roberts, J.M., Powers, R.W. (2006). Relationships between maternal plasma leptin, placental leptin mRNA and protein in normal pregnancy, pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction without pre-eclampsia. Mol Hum Reprod 12: 551-556 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Otero, M., Lago, R., Gomez, R., Dieguez, C., Lago, F., Gomez-Reino, J., Gualillo, O. (2006). Towards a pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory emerging role of leptin. Rheumatology (Oxford) 45: 944-950 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wunder, D M, Yared, M, Bersinger, N A, Widmer, D, Kretschmer, R, Birkhauser, M H (2006). Serum leptin and C-reactive protein levels in the physiological spontaneous menstrual cycle in reproductive age women.. Eur J Endocrinol 155: 137-142 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hick, R. W., Gruver, A. L., Ventevogel, M. S., Haynes, B. F., Sempowski, G. D. (2006). Leptin Selectively Augments Thymopoiesis in Leptin Deficiency and Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Thymic Atrophy. J. Immunol. 177: 169-176 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Trujillo, M. E., Lee, M.-J., Sullivan, S., Feng, J., Schneider, S. H., Greenberg, A. S., Fried, S. K. (2006). Tumor Necrosis Factor {alpha} and Glucocorticoid Synergistically Increase Leptin Production in Human Adipose Tissue: Role for p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 91: 1484-1490 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sood, A, Ford, E S, Camargo, C A Jr (2006). Association between leptin and asthma in adults. Thorax 61: 300-305 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Oral, E. A., Javor, E. D., Ding, L., Uzel, G., Cochran, E. K., Young, J. R., DePaoli, A. M., Holland, S. M., Gorden, P. (2006). Leptin Replacement Therapy Modulates Circulating Lymphocyte Subsets and Cytokine Responsiveness in Severe Lipodystrophy. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 91: 621-628 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wieland, C. W., Florquin, S., Chan, E. D., Leemans, J. C., Weijer, S., Verbon, A., Fantuzzi, G., van der Poll, T. (2005). Pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. Int Immunol 17: 1399-1408 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• van Lettow, M., van der Meer, J. W. M., West, C. E., van Crevel, R., Semba, R. D. (2005). Interleukin-6 and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Load, But Not Plasma Leptin Concentration, Predict Anorexia and Wasting in Adults with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Malawi. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 90: 4771-4776 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kopple, J. D (2005). The phenomenon of altered risk factor patterns or reverse epidemiology in persons with advanced chronic kidney failure. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 81: 1257-1266 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wunder, D.M., Kretschmer, R., Bersinger, N.A. (2005). Concentrations of leptin and C-reactive protein in serum and follicular fluid during assisted reproductive cycles. Hum Reprod 20: 1266-1271 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wang, B., Jenkins, J. R., Trayhurn, P. (2005). Expression and secretion of inflammation-related adipokines by human adipocytes differentiated in culture: integrated response to TNF-{alpha}. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 288: E731-E740 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chan, J. L., Bullen, J., Stoyneva, V., DePaoli, A. M., Addy, C., Mantzoros, C. S. (2005). Recombinant Methionyl Human Leptin Administration to Achieve High Physiologic or Pharmacologic Leptin Levels Does Not Alter Circulating Inflammatory Marker Levels in Humans with Leptin Sufficiency or Excess. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 90: 1618-1624 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chan, J. L., Moschos, S. J., Bullen, J., Heist, K., Li, X., Kim, Y.-B., Kahn, B. B., Mantzoros, C. S. (2005). Recombinant Methionyl Human Leptin Administration Activates Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Signaling in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Vivo and Regulates Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} Receptor Levels in Humans with Relative Leptin Deficiency. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 90: 1625-1631 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Perfetto, F, Tarquini, R, Simonini, G, Bindi, G, Mancuso, F, Guiducci, S, Matucci-Cerinic, M, Falcini, F (2005). Circulating leptin levels in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a marker of nutritional status?. Ann Rheum Dis 64: 149-152 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Sachot, C., Poole, S., Luheshi, G. N (2004). Circulating leptin mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced anorexia and fever in rats. J. Physiol. 561: 263-272 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Trujillo, M. E., Sullivan, S., Harten, I., Schneider, S. H., Greenberg, A. S., Fried, S. K. (2004). Interleukin-6 Regulates Human Adipose Tissue Lipid Metabolism and Leptin Production in Vitro. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 89: 5577-5582 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mancuso, P., Canetti, C., Gottschalk, A., Tithof, P. K., Peters-Golden, M. (2004). Leptin augments alveolar macrophage leukotriene synthesis by increasing phospholipase activity and enhancing group IVC iPLA2 (cPLA2{gamma}) protein expression. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 287: L497-L502 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gonzalez, R. R., Rueda, B. R., Ramos, M. P., Littell, R. D., Glasser, S., Leavis, P. C. (2004). Leptin-Induced Increase in Leukemia Inhibitory Factor and Its Receptor by Human Endometrium Is Partially Mediated by Interleukin 1 Receptor Signaling. Endocrinology 145: 3850-3857 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Guo, K.-Y., Halo, P., Leibel, R. L., Zhang, Y. (2004). Effects of obesity on the relationship of leptin mRNA expression and adipocyte size in anatomically distinct fat depots in mice. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 287: R112-R119 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Shamsuzzaman, A. S.M., Winnicki, M., Wolk, R., Svatikova, A., Phillips, B. G., Davison, D. E., Berger, P. B., Somers, V. K. (2004). Independent Association Between Plasma Leptin and C-Reactive Protein in Healthy Humans. Circulation 109: 2181-2185 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• van Tellingen, A., Grooteman, M. P. C., Schoorl, M., ter Wee, P. M., Bartels, P. C. M., Schoorl, M., van der Ploeg, T., Nube, M. J. (2004). Enhanced long-term reduction of plasma leptin concentrations by super-flux polysulfone dialysers. Nephrol Dial Transplant 19: 1198-1203 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wang, W., Poole, B., Mitra, A., Falk, S., Fantuzzi, G., Lucia, S., Schrier, R. (2004). Role of Leptin Deficiency in Early Acute Renal Failure during Endotoxemia in ob/ob Mice. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 15: 645-649 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gaige, S., Abou, E., Abysique, A., Bouvier, M. (2004). Effects of interactions between interleukin-1{beta} and leptin on cat intestinal vagal mechanoreceptors. J. Physiol. 555: 297-310 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Waldron, M. R., Nishida, T., Nonnecke, B. J., Overton, T. R. (2003). Effect of Lipopolysaccharide on Indices of Peripheral and Hepatic Metabolism in Lactating Cows. J DAIRY SCI 86: 3447-3459 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mueller, A., O'Rourke, J., Chu, P., Kim, C. C., Sutton, P., Lee, A., Falkow, S. (2003). Protective immunity against Helicobacter is characterized by a unique transcriptional signature. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100: 12289-12294 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gaetke, L. M., Oz, H. S., Frederich, R. C., McClain, C. J. (2003). Anti-TNF-{alpha} Antibody Normalizes Serum Leptin in IL-2 Deficient Mice. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 22: 415-420 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Xiao, E., Xia-Zhang, L., Vulliemoz, N. R., Ferin, M., Wardlaw, S. L. (2003). Leptin Modulates Inflammatory Cytokine and Neuroendocrine Responses to Endotoxin in the Primate. Endocrinology 144: 4350-4353 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Palmer, G, Gabay, C (2003). A role for leptin in rheumatic diseases?. Ann Rheum Dis 62: 913-915 [Full Text]  
• Moore, S. I., Huffnagle, G. B., Chen, G.-H., White, E. S., Mancuso, P. (2003). Leptin Modulates Neutrophil Phagocytosis of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Infect. Immun. 71: 4182-4185 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bhat, G. K., Hamm, M. L., Igietseme, J. U., Mann, D. R. (2003). Does Leptin Mediate the Effect of Photoperiod on Immune Function in Mice?. Biol. Reprod. 69: 30-36 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Fernandez-Real, J. M., Ricart, W. (2003). Insulin Resistance and Chronic Cardiovascular Inflammatory Syndrome. Endocr. Rev. 24: 278-301 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Wang, A. Y.-M., Sanderson, J., Sea, M. M.-M., Wang, M., Lam, C. W.-K., Li, P. K.-T., Lui, S.-F., Woo, J. (2003). Important factors other than dialysis adequacy associated with inadequate dietary protein and energy intakes in patients receiving maintenance peritoneal dialysis. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 77: 834-841 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Landman, R. E., Puder, J. J., Xiao, E., Freda, P. U., Ferin, M., Wardlaw, S. L. (2003). Endotoxin Stimulates Leptin in the Human and Nonhuman Primate. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88: 1285-1291 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gonzalez, R. R., Leary, K., Petrozza, J. C., Leavis, P. C. (2003). Leptin regulation of the interleukin-1 system in human endometrial cells. Mol Hum Reprod 9: 151-158 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Madiehe, A. M., Mitchell, T. D., Harris, R. B. S. (2003). Hyperleptinemia and reduced TNF-alpha secretion cause resistance of db/db mice to endotoxin. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 284: R763-R770 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Beishuizen, A., Thijs, L. G. (2003). Review: Endotoxin and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Innate Immunity 9: 3-24 [Abstract]  
• Schwenk, A., Hodgson, L., Rayner, C. F., Griffin, G. E, Macallan, D. C (2003). Leptin and energy metabolism in pulmonary tuberculosis. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 77: 392-398 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ruan, H., Miles, P. D. G., Ladd, C. M., Ross, K., Golub, T. R., Olefsky, J. M., Lodish, H. F. (2002). Profiling Gene Transcription In Vivo Reveals Adipose Tissue as an Immediate Target of Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha}: Implications for Insulin Resistance. Diabetes 51: 3176-3188 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mistry, A. M., Romsos, D. R. (2002). Intracerebroventricular Leptin Administration Reduces Food Intake in Pregnant and Lactating Mice. Exp. Biol. Med. 227: 616-619 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Moore, S E, Morgan, G, Collinson, A C, Swain, J A, O'Connell, M A, Prentice, A M (2002). Leptin, malnutrition, and immune response in rural Gambian children. Arch. Dis. Child. 87: 192-197 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lord, G. M., Matarese, G., Howard, J. K., Bloom, S. R., Lechler, R. I. (2002). Leptin inhibits the anti-CD3-driven proliferation of peripheral blood T cells but enhances the production of proinflammatory cytokines. J. Leukoc. Biol. 72: 330-338 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• McCowen, K. C, Ling, P. R., Friel, C., Sternberg, J., Forse, R A., Burke, P. A, Bistrian, B. R (2002). Patterns of plasma leptin and insulin concentrations in hospitalized patients after the initiation of total parenteral nutrition. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 75: 931-935 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Finck, B. N., Johnson, R. W. (2002). Anti-inflammatory agents inhibit the induction of leptin by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 282: R1429-R1435 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gaetke, L. M., Oz, H. S., de Villiers, W. J. S., Varilek, G. W., Frederich, R. C. (2002). The Leptin Defense against Wasting Is Abolished in the IL-2-Deficient Mouse Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J. Nutr. 132: 893-896 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mancuso, P., Gottschalk, A., Phare, S. M., Peters-Golden, M., Lukacs, N. W., Huffnagle, G. B. (2002). Leptin-Deficient Mice Exhibit Impaired Host Defense in Gram-Negative Pneumonia. J. Immunol. 168: 4018-4024 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• van Dielen, F. M. H., van 't Veer, C., Buurman, W. A., Greve, J. W. M. (2002). Leptin and Soluble Leptin Receptor Levels in Obese and Weight-Losing Individuals. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87: 1708-1716 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Vigano, P., Somigliana, E., Matrone, R., Dubini, A., Barron, C., Vignali, M., di Blasio, A. M. (2002). Serum Leptin Concentrations in Endometriosis. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87: 1085-1087 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• van Crevel, R., Karyadi, E., Netea, M. G., Verhoef, H., Nelwan, R. H. H., West, C. E., van der Meer, J. W. M. (2002). Decreased Plasma Leptin Concentrations in Tuberculosis Patients Are Associated with Wasting and Inflammation. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87: 758-763 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hosoi, T., Okuma, Y., Ono, A., Nomura, Y. (2002). Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy fails to inhibit intravenous leptin-induced IL-1beta expression in the hypothalamus. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 282: R627-R631 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Ivanov, A. I., Romanovsky, A. A. (2002). Fever responses of Zucker rats with and without fatty mutation of the leptin receptor. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 282: R311-R316 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Waelput, W., Broekaert, D., Vandekerckhove, J., Brouckaert, P., Tavernier, J., Libert, C. (2001). A Mediator Role For Metallothionein in Tumor Necrosis Factor-induced Lethal Shock. J. Exp. Med. 194: 1617-1624 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• FAGGIONI, R., FEINGOLD, K. R., GRUNFELD, C. (2001). Leptin regulation of the immune response and the immunodeficiency of malnutrition. FASEB J. 15: 2565-2571 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Barazzone-Argiroffo, C., Muzzin, P., Donati, Y. R., Kan, C.-D., Aubert, M. L., Piguet, P.-F. (2001). Hyperoxia increases leptin production: a mechanism mediated through endogenous elevation of corticosterone. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 281: L1150-L1156 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chen, M.-D., Yang, V. C., Alexander, P. S., Lin, P.-Y., Song, Y.-M. (2001). Effects of Selected Minerals on Leptin Secretion in Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemic Mice. Exp. Biol. Med. 226: 836-840 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Glasow, A., Kiess, W., Anderegg, U., Berthold, A., Bottner, A., Kratzsch, J. (2001). Expression of Leptin (Ob) and Leptin Receptor (Ob-R) in Human Fibroblasts: Regulation of Leptin Secretion by Insulin. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86: 4472-4479 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Azuma, T, Suto, H, Ito, Y, Ohtani, M, Dojo, M, Kuriyama, M, Kato, T (2001). Gastric leptin and Helicobacter pylori infection. Gut 49: 324-329 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lechan, R. M., Tatro, J. B. (2001). Editorial: Hypothalamic Melanocortin Signaling in Cachexia. Endocrinology 142: 3288-3291 [Full Text]  
• Fruhbeck, G., Gomez-Ambrosi, J., Muruzabal, F. J., Burrell, M. A. (2001). The adipocyte: a model for integration of endocrine and metabolic signaling in energy metabolism regulation. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 280: E827-E847 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• TAKABATAKE, N., NAKAMURA, H., MINAMIHABA, O., INAGE, M., INOUE, S., KAGAYA, S., YAMAKI, M., TOMOIKE, H. (2001). A Novel Pathophysiologic Phenomenon in Cachexic Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease . The Relationship between the Circadian Rhythm of Circulating Leptin and the Very Low-Frequency Component of Heart Rate Variability. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 163: 1314-1319 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Le Roith, D., Zick, Y. (2001). Recent Advances in Our Understanding of Insulin Action and Insulin Resistance. Diabetes Care 24: 588-597 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• ATTOUB, S., NOE, V., PIROLA, L., BRUYNEEL, E., CHASTRE, E., MAREEL, M., WYMANN, M. P., GESPACH, C. (2000). Leptin promotes invasiveness of kidney and colonic epithelial cells via phosphoinositide 3-kinase-, Rho-, and Rac-dependent signaling pathways. FASEB J. 14: 2329-2338 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kotler, D. P. (2000). Cachexia. ANN INTERN MED 133: 622-634 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Fantuzzi, G., Faggioni, R. (2000). Leptin in the regulation of immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis. J. Leukoc. Biol. 68: 437-446 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• CREUTZBERG, E. C., WOUTERS, E. F. M., VANDERHOVEN-AUGUSTIN, I. M. L., DENTENER, M. A., SCHOLS, A. M. W. J. (2000). Disturbances in Leptin Metabolism Are Related to Energy Imbalance during Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 162: 1239-1245 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Matarese, G., Alviggi, C., Sanna, V., Howard, J. K., Lord, G. M., Carravetta, C., Fontana, S., Lechler, R. I., Bloom, S. R., De Placido, G. (2000). Increased Leptin Levels in Serum and Peritoneal Fluid of Patients with Pelvic Endometriosis. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 85: 2483-2487 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• STENVINKEL, P., LINDHOLM, B., LÖNNQVIST, F., KATZARSKI, K., HEIMBÜRGER, O. (2000). Increases in Serum Leptin Levels during Peritoneal Dialysis Are Associated with Inflammation and a Decrease in Lean Body Mass. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 11: 1303-1309 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Auernhammer, C. J., Melmed, S. (2000). Leukemia-Inhibitory Factor--Neuroimmune Modulator of Endocrine Function. Endocr. Rev. 21: 313-345 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Faggioni, R., Moser, A., Feingold, K. R., Grunfeld, C. (2000). Reduced Leptin Levels in Starvation Increase Susceptibility to Endotoxic Shock. Am. J. Pathol. 156: 1781-1787 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• McCarthy, D. O. (2000). Cytokines and the Anorexia of Infection: Potential Mechanisms and Treatments. Biol Res Nurs 1: 287-298 [Abstract]  
• Vgontzas, A. N., Papanicolaou, D. A., Bixler, E. O., Hopper, K., Lotsikas, A., Lin, H.-M., Kales, A., Chrousos, G. P. (2000). Sleep Apnea and Daytime Sleepiness and Fatigue: Relation to Visceral Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Hypercytokinemia. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 85: 1151-1158 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Inui, A. (2000). Transgenic Approach to the Study of Body Weight Regulation. Pharmacol. Rev. 52: 35-62 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Fawcett, R. L., Waechter, A. S., Williams, L. B., Zhang, P., Louie, R., Jones, R., Inman, M., Huse, J., Considine, R. V. (2000). Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} Inhibits Leptin Production in Subcutaneous and Omental Adipocytes from Morbidly Obese Humans. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 85: 530-535 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Finck, B. N., Johnson, R. W. (2000). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha induces leptin production through the p55 TNF receptor. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 278: R537-R543 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gualillo, O., Lago, F., García, M., Menéndez, C., Señarís, R., Casanueva, F. F., Diéguez, C. (1999). Prolactin Stimulates Leptin Secretion by Rat White Adipose Tissue. Endocrinology 140: 5149-5153 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Inui, A. (1999). Cancer Anorexia-Cachexia Syndrome: Are Neuropeptides the Key?. Cancer Res. 59: 4493-4501 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Murdoch, D R, Rooney, E, Dargie, H J, Shapiro, D, Morton, J J, McMurray, J J V (1999). Inappropriately low plasma leptin concentration in the cachexia associated with chronic heart failure. Heart 82: 352-356 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Yeh, S.-S., Schuster, M. W (1999). Geriatric cachexia: the role of cytokines. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 70: 183-197 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Luheshi, G. N., Gardner, J. D., Rushforth, D. A., Loudon, A. S., Rothwell, N. J. (1999). Leptin actions on food intake and body temperature are mediated by IL-1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96: 7047-7052 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• BALLINGER, A (1999). Divergency of leptin response in intestinal inflammation. Gut 44: 588-589 [Full Text]  
• Mantzoros, C. S. (1999). The Role of Leptin in Human Obesity and Disease: A Review of Current Evidence. ANN INTERN MED 130: 671-680 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• TAKABATAKE, N., NAKAMURA, H., ABE, S., HINO, T., SAITO, H., YUKI, H., KATO, S., TOMOIKE, H. (1999). Circulating Leptin in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 159: 1215-1219 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kapur, S., Marcotte, B., Marette, A. (1999). Mechanism of adipose tissue iNOS induction in endotoxemia. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 276: E635-E641 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Carlson, G. L., Saeed, M., Little, R. A., Irving, M. H. (1999). Serum leptin concentrations and their relation to metabolic abnormalities in human sepsis. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 276: E658-E662 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Huang, Q.-H., Hruby, V. J., Tatro, J. B. (1999). Role of central melanocortins in endotoxin-induced anorexia. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 276: R864-R871 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Gabay, C., Kushner, I. (1999). Acute-Phase Proteins and Other Systemic Responses to Inflammation. NEJM 340: 448-454 [Full Text]  
• Takahashi, N., Waelput, W., Guisez, Y. (1999). Leptin Is an Endogenous Protective Protein against the Toxicity Exerted by Tumor Necrosis Factor. J. Exp. Med. 189: 207-212 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Faggioni, R., Fantuzzi, G., Gabay, C., Moser, A., Dinarello, C. A., Feingold, K. R., Grunfeld, C. (1999). Leptin deficiency enhances sensitivity to endotoxin-induced lethality. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 276: R136-R142 [Abstract] [Full Text]  

Home | Help | Feedback | Subscriptions | Archive | Search

TABLE OF CONTENTS