The Journal of Experimental Medicine
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The Journal of Experimental Medicine, Vol 134, 986-1004, Copyright © 1971 by The Rockefeller University Press

ARTICLE

THE FIRST COMPONENT OF THE KININ-FORMING SYSTEM IN HUMAN AND RABBIT PLASMA : ITS RELATIONSHIP TO CLOTTING FACTOR XII (HAGEMAN FACTOR)



C. G. Cochrane M.D.1 and K. D. Wuepper M.D.1

1 From the Department of Experimental Pathology, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, California 92037

The isolation and characterization of the first component of the kinin-forming system in human and rabbit plasma are presented. Functionally, the molecule is the precursor of the activator of prekallikrein (Pre-PKA) and evidence is presented that it is identical with Hageman factor (clotting factor XII). The component from each plasma possessed similar characteristics. This molecule was found to have a mol wt of 110,000 and sedimentation rate of 4.6S. It migrated in electrophoresis as a ß-globulin, having an isoelectric point of 6.1. Upon activation with glass, kaolin, diatomaceous earth, ellagic acid, or trypsin, the activated molecule converted purified prekallikrein (prokininogenase) to the active enzyme.

Clot-promoting activity was associated with the capacity to activate prekallikrein through each procedure of isolation. The clot-promoting factor was in precursor form, requiring treatment with kaolin or trypsin to gain activity. Evidence indicated that the protein was Hageman factor (factor XII): it promoted clotting of factor XII-deficient, but not Factor XI- or IX-deficient plasma, and did not convert fibrinogen to fibrin it bound to and was activated by kaolin or other negatively charged particles in the presence of chelating agents; the activation by kaolin could be prevented by pretreating the kaolin with hexadimethrine bromide (H Br); prekallikrein-activating and clot-promoting activities were identical in their physical properties; and the prekallikrein activator could not be detected in Hageman factor-deficient plasma.

Activation of Hageman factor was accompanied by cleavage of the molecule into several fragments, one of which possessed prekallikrein-activating (PKA) and clot-promoting properties. The PKA fragment sedimented at 2.6S and by gel filtration was found to have a molecular weight of 32,000. The PKA possessed only 1/50 the clot-promoting capacity of the freshly activated native molecule.

 Submitted on June 14, 1971


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